Table of Contents
Elegy and Iambus. with an English Translation by. J. M. Edmonds. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. London. William Heinemann Ltd. 1931. 2.
Archilochus: Poems
“Far though I be, I have seen the chiding Archilochus in manifold want, with nought to fatten him but heavy-worded hatreds.”
Pindar Pythians
“… Gyges, who is mentioned in an iambic trimeter by his contemporary Archilochus of Paros （fr. 25）.1”
Herodotus Histories
“From the [coming into fame of Archil]o[chus the iambic poet] 418 years, in the archonship of Lysiades at Athens.2”
Parian Chronicle
“But Aristarchus in his Notes on Archilochus makes Homer contemporary with the colonisation of Ionia.”
Clement of Alexandria Miscellanies
“[on the frescoes of Polygnotus in the Delphian Colonnade]: It is not quite clear with what the passengers （in Charon's boat） are concerned.3 Tellis4 appears to be about eighteen years of age, Cleoboea still a girl, and is holding in her lap a casket of the shape of those made for Demeter. With regard to Tellis I was told this much, that the poet Archilochus was descended from him in the second generation; and it was Cleoboea, they say, who introduced the worship of Demeter into Thasos from Paros.”
Pausanias Description of Greece
Thasos: … The great height of Thasos appears from the oracle given to the father of Archilochus:
Tell unto the Parians, O son of Telesicles, that I bid thee found a far-seen city in a lofty isle.
Stephanus of Byzantium Lexicon:
“As Cratinus says in his Archilochuses .5”
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
“The iambus is the invention of Archilochus of Paros.”
Clement of Alexandria Miscellanies
“Semonides is made contemporary with Archilochus, and Callinus comes a little earlier, Archilochus speaking of Magnesia as destroyed and Callinus as still flourishing. Eumelus of Corinth is said to have belonged to an earlier date and been contemporary with Archias the founder of Syracuse. ”
Clement of Alexandria Miscellanies
“. . the hymn of the wine-stricken Archilochus.”
Callimachus
“You are thumbing6 Archilochus: —a proverb applied to those who revile others, Archilochus being one of these.”
Diogen. Proverbs
“Beware, beware! I'm a tough fellow with horns ready for the wicked, like him to whom the false Lycambes would not give his daughter, or him that was so fierce a foe to Bupalus.”
Horace Epodes
“He means Archilochus, who attacked Lycambes so bitterly with abusive verses that he committed suicide. Archilochus attacked him because he denied him his daughter's hand after promising it.”
Scholiast on Horace Epodes
“I it was that first gave Latium the Parian Iambic, copying Archilochus in metre and spirit, but not in matter nor the words that assailed Lycambes. And should you be disposed to skimp my crown because I have feared to change the rule and rhythm of his song, remember, pray, that virile Sappho shapes her Muse by his measure, and Alcaeus too, yet his themes are different and the order of his lines; he seeks no father-in-law to bespatter with black verse nor knots a halter of defaming song for his bride-to-be.7”
Horace Epistles
“Wrath armed Archilochus with her own Iambic.”
Horace Art of Poetry
“Some day, if you stay not your hand, my outspoken iambic will furnish me against you with arrows dipt in Lycambean blood.”
Ovid Ibis
“It should be noted that literature has many cases of self-hanging for grief, and this was the death, according to the old story, of the daughters8 of Lycambes, who could not withstand the onslaught of the satire of Archilochus.”
Eustathius On the Odyssey
“The Spartans ordered that the books of Archilochus should be removed from their state because they considered them indecent, and would not have their children indoctrinated with writings which might do more harm to their morals than good to their wits.”
Valerius Maximus Memorable Deeds and Sayings
“Moreover, if we may believe Pindar, Terpander was the originator of drinkingsongs. But it must be remembered that further innovations were made by Archilochus, the trimeter, the combination of unlike measures, the recitative or rhythmical recitation of poetry to music,9 and the style of music to which recitative was set. To him also are ascribed the epode, the tetrameter, the cretic, the prosodiac, and the lengthening of the ‘heroic’ or dactylic hexameter; and some authorities would add the elegiac, and not only that, but the combination of the epibatic paeon with the iambic, and that of the lengthened ‘heroic’ with the prosodiac and the cretic. He is also credited with the device of reciting some of a number of iambic lines to music and singing the others, a device afterwards employed by the tragic poets and introduced by Crexus into the dithyramb. He is also thought to have been the first to set the music of the accompanying instrument an octave higher than the voice, instead of in the same register with it as had been the custom before his day.10”
Plutarch Music
“We are told by Chamaeleon in his book On Steichorus that not only the poems of Homer but of Hesiod and Archilochus, and even of Mimnermuus and Phocylides, were sung to music.”
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
“Compare Clearchus in the first of his two Books On Riddles: ‘It was the habit of Simonides of Zacynthus to recite the poems of Archilochus seated in a chair at the theatre.’ ”
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
“A foot less and it will be the ithyphallic, which was invented by Archilochus and consists of three trochees, e.g. Bacche plaude Bacche, a rhythm composed, they say, by the poet in honour of the God herein addressed.”
Marius Victorinus Art of Grammar
“There is also the dimeter called Archilochian, e.g. beatus ille qui procul.”
Marius Victorinus Art of Grammar: [on the iambic]
“A perfect poet should have his ‘breaks’ or rhythmic modulations smooth and sonorous. Those which are the reverse should be learnt, one may say, not to be imitated but to be avoided. Of these latter, as of several others, the parent and originator, we are told, was Archilochus, who showed a talent quite unique for inventing and constructing new metres, and was the first to employ ‘epodes,’ that is, stanzas of a long and a short line, taking a single colon from his metre and putting it underneath; for instance in the heroic with which he begins, e.g. diffugere nives redeunt iam gramina campi , followed by an epode of the same metrical type, arboribusque comae.”
Marius Victorinus Art of Grammar
“The poet Archilochus was killed by a man named Corax or Crow, to whom, we are told, the Pythian priestess gave the answer ‘Leave the temple,’ whereupon he cried ‘But, Lord, I am pure of ill; I slew him in fair fight.’”
Heracleides Constitutions
“The man who killed Archilochus in the fight was called, it seems, Callondes,11 but nicknamed Corax. Accused by the priestess of having slain a man sacred to the Muses, he fell a-praying and a-supplicating with protests of innocence, and was bidden go to the ‘dwelling-place of the cricket’ （tettix） to appease Archilochus' ghost. This was Taenarum, whither they say Tettix the Cretan came by sea and founded a city hard by the Place of Ghost-Raising.12”
Plutarch The Slow Vengeance of the Deity [on Corax of Naxos]
“The man who killed him was driven from his temple by Apollo, who gave answer that he had slain a servitor of the Muses, and when he protested that it was in war, said again ‘Archilochus a servitor of the Muses;’ moreover when the poet's father had enquired of the God before his birth, Apollo had foretold that he would beget a son who should be immortal.”
Dio Chrysostom Orations [on Archilochus]
“The Parians have honoured Archilochus despite his slanderous tongue.13”
Aristotle Rhetoric
“According to Hermippus in his tract On Gorgias , when Gorgias visited Athens after dedicating the golden portrait of himself at Delphi, Plato at sight of him exclaimed ‘The good and golden Gorgias is come to visit us,’ and Gorgias cried ‘I congratulate Athens on the birth of a new Archilochus.’”
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
“Therein too the flower of the dread crisp-haired thistle of Archilochus, little drops from the ocean.14” Meleager Garland: “But I ask you whether —I do not say Homer, Pindar, or Archilochus, but —Pheidias, Polycleitus, or Zeuxis, appear to you to have practised their respective arts for the sake of pleasure?15”
Cicero On the Chief Good and the Chief Evil
“As for your fearing you prove garrulous, is that likely between me and you? No, no; the longer your letters the better, as Aristophanes said of the iambic poems of Archilochus.”
Cicero Letters to Atticus
“Bibulus, in a truly Archilochian edict, has postponed the elections to the 18th October.”
Cicero Letters to Atticus
“Thus out of the three iambic writers of Aristarchus' canon, the writer that attains the highest degree of facility is Archilochus, in whom we find the greatest force of expression, a phrasing not only telling but terse and vigorous, and abundance of blood and muscle; indeed some critics hold that where he falls short it is a defect rather of his theme than of his genius. ”
Quintilian Guide to Oratory
“Was Herodotus the only true imitator of Homer? Stesichorus was that before him, and Archilochus.”
[Longinus] On the Sublime
“. . . Would you therefore rather be Apollonius than Homer? Again, Eratosthenes in the Erigone in every respect a flawless little poem, —is he a greater poet than Archilochus, who carries along with his flood so much which is lacking in arrangement and yet comes from the almost uncontrollable inflow of the divine spirit?”
[Longinus] On the Sublime
“It was from this source （the Myth or Tale） that the poets derived the Fable . . . Next to Hesiod comes Archilochus, who not infrequently used the Myth16 as a sort of relish to his poetry.”
Julian Orations
“. . . Apollonius of Rhodes in his treatise On Archilochus.”
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
“Cato was so consumed with indignation （at being baulked of his bride） that he at first sought to have the law of Scipio, and when his friends dissuaded him betook himself in a storm of anger to the writing of iambic verse, in which he showered insults upon him, employing the venom of Archilochus without the licence or the naivete.”
Plutarch Life of Cato the Younger
“—Stand and look at Archilochus, the old maker of iambic verse, whose infinite renown hath spread both to utmost East and furthest West. Sure the Muses and Delian Apollo liked him well, such taste and skill had he to bring both to the framing of the words and to the singing of them to the lyre.”
Palatine Anthology
Leonidas:17 “—This tomb by the sea is the grave of Archilochus, who first dipt a bitter Muse in snake-venom and stained gentle Helicon with blood; witness Lycambes bewailing the hanging of daughters three. Pass softly by, good wayfarer, or you'll rouse the wasps that settle on his tomb.18”
Palatine Anthology: Gaetulicus
Elegiac Poems
But the ancients held valour to be the greatest of the civic virtues . . . Archilochus, for instance, who was an excellent poet, first boasts of his ability to take part in political struggles, and then remembers his gift for poetry, in the words:
But I am a servitor of Lord Enyalius, and yet I am skilled in the lovely gift of the Muses.
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner 19
“20Archilochus compares the wine of Naxos to nectar; compare:
In the spear is my kneaded bread, in the spear my Ismarian wine, when I drink I recline on the spear.
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
The Abantians were the first to cut their hair in this fashion, not as some writers believe because they learnt it from the Arabs, nor yet in emulation of the Mysians, but because they were warlike and willing to fight hand to hand, and had learnt better than any other people to bring their enemy to close quarters. Compare Archilochus:
Not so many bows shall be stretched nor slings so many slung when the War-God makes his mellay in the plain, but then shall be the woeful work of the sword; for this is the sort of battle the spear-famed lords of Euboea are masters in.21 Thus they cut their hair short so as not to give their enemies a hold of their heads.
Plutarch Life of Theseus:
22The cothon was a Spartan cup . . . it is mentioned as a cup by Archilochus in his Elegiac Poems thus:
Come, go then with a cup all along the benches of the swift ship and draw drink from the hollow tuns, draining the red wine to the lees; for we no more than other men can stay sober on this watch.
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
23 When it comes after the preposition διά, the preposition ἐξ does not change the ξ to κ :
into a vessel through a pipe24
Scholiast on the Iliad
25When the poet Archilochus visited Sparta he was driven out of the city at a moment's notice because they discovered that he had said in a poem that it was better to throw away one's arms than be slain:
The shield I left because I must, poor blameless armament! beside a bush, gives joy now to some Saian,26 but myself I have saved. What care I for that shield? It shall go with a curse. I'll get me another e'en as good.
Plutarch Spartan Institutions:
27Wounds and slaughterings are the guest-gifts [ ξένια ] of Ares; compare Archilochus:
favouring the foe with woesome guest-gifts
Scholiast on Sophocles Electra
[‘whom bloody Ares slew not, ’ οὐκ ἐξένισεν ] “28 ε ）πίρρησις : —censure or slander; whence moreover comes ἐπίρρητος , censured or slandered; compare Archilochus in the Elegiacs :
No man, Aesimides, would enjoy very many delights who heeded the censure of the people.
Orion Etymologicum:
Archilochus:29—
If he keep complaining of woeful misfortunes,30 Pericles, no citizen will take pleasure in feasting,31 nay, nor city neither. 'Tis true these noble souls have been whelmed in the roaring sea and our hearts well with grief; yet to woes incurable, my friend, the Gods have ordained the remedy of staunch endurance. Such things possess one man to-day, another to-morrow; and now they have turned our way and we bewail a bloody wound, but soon they will pass to others. Then quickly put thou womanish grief away, thou and thine, and endure.
Stobaeus Anthology
[consolations] “The word ‘gift’ is understood of bad fortune as well as good; compare Archilochus:
but let us hide the dreadful gifts of Lord Poseidon.32
Scholiast on Aeschylus
[‘asking for the children’]: θεσσάμενοι ‘taking at request, begging for’; compare Archilochus:
in the deeps of the gray brine beseeching the fairtressed <Pallas>33 for sweet return.
Scholiast on Apollonius of Rhodes
For instance Archilochus, when he says, praying: （fr. 75）, is clearly calling upon the God Himself; but when lamenting his sister's husband that was lost at sea and had no proper burial, he says that he would bear the disaster more patiently
if his head and his comely limbs had had Hephaestus' ministry in pure clean raiment34
by this he means fire and not the Fire-God.
Plutarch How the Young should Listen to Poetry
35Archilochus again is not praised for combining grief at the loss of his sister's husband, who perished at sea, with thinking how to fight the grief with wine and jest; and yet he gives a reasonable excuse:
for I shall no more heal a wound by weeping than make it worse by pursuing joys and feasts.
Now if Archilochus considered that he would make nothing worse by being merry, we surely shall not be the worse off for putting up with what has befallen us and pursuing our studies, etc.
Plutarch How the Young should Listen to Poetry:
Of these kinds of friendships, the interested kind is that of the generality of men; for most of us love one another because, and only so far as, the other is useful to us, as the saying has it:
A soldier of fortune, Glaucus, is your friend so long as he fights.
Aristotle Eudemian Ethics:
36For in the words of Archilochus,
All things are made for mortals by human toil and care.
Joannes of Sicily
[on fortune or accident]:
Tis fortune and fate, Pericles, that give a man all things.
Stobaeus Selections
[on Plangon and Bacchis]: And ever after they were friends, sharing the man's love between them. The Ionians, as we find in Menetor's treatise On Offerings , thought this so extraordinary that they nicknamed Plangon Pasiphila or Friend-of-all, a name attested37 by Archilochus in the lines:
As a fig-tree planted on a lofty rock
Feeds many crows and jackdaws, so Pasiphila's
A willing entertainer of all strangers.\\
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
Inscriptions
Archilochus:38
Thou hast upon thee, great Earth, the high pillars of Naxos, Megatimus to wit and Aristophon.
Palatine Anthology:
Archilochus:39
Alcibia dedicated to Hera the holy veil of her hair when she became a wedded wife.
Palatine Anthology:
Iambi
[i] Trimeters
4041Archilochus, however, clearly knows of their destruction when he says:
I bewail the misfortunes of Thasos, not of Magnesia.
Strabo Geography [on the Magnesians]
But we, like Archilochus, who disregards the wheat-lands and vineyards of Thasos and reproaches the island for being so rugged and mountainous, saying:
but this isle stands like the backbone of an ass, crowned with savage wood;
even so, I say, we think only of one part of exile, its disgrace, and disregard the tranquillity, leisure, and freedom of it.
Plutarch Exile
42And the poet Archilochus is greatly struck with the blessedness of the country of the Sirites; contrasting it favourably with Thasos he says:
for there's no country so rich or desirable or lovely as the banks of the Siris.
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
And then, being about to enjoy but a short span of life, he does what was done later by Archilochus, who when his sister's husband perished at sea was deeply affected and would not write a line, saying to those who urged him to devote himself to his compositions:
and I care neither for iambi nor for rejoicings;
but when he was tired of vain tears, said: （fr. 13）.
Tzetzes [on the Iliad Bk. 24]
Didymus claims this for Aeschylus, but it really occurs in Archilochus, thus:
with their lives in the arms of the waves
Scholiast on Aristophanes
[‘in the arms of the waves’] “43This expression is used of those who run too great risks where the danger is other people's. The Carians appear to have been the first mercenaries … Archilochus thus employs it:
and I shall be called a soldier of fortune like a Carian.
Scholiast on Plato Laches
[‘You must mind you are not “putting the risk on the Carian” but on your sons’] “44With regard to the ‘character’ in which a thing is said, since there are some things which if you said them of yourself would be invidious or tedious or provocative of contradiction, and if you said them of another would be slanderous or impolite, such things should be put into another's mouth, as is done by Isocrates in the Philip and in the Exchange, and by Archilochus, who in his censure makes … say: （fr. 74. 1） and makes Charon the carpenter speak in the Iambic poem which begins:
I care not for the wealth of golden Gyges, nor ever have envied him; I am not jealous of the works of Gods, and I have no desire for lofty despotism; for such things are far beyond my ken.
Aristotle Rhetoric
45 καρτερεῖν : that is, overcome, withstand, and he that is master of anything is kartero/s; compare Archilochus:
and he is master of sheep-rearing Asia.
Scholiast on Euripides
“Some hold that Apollo is so called because he destroys （ ἀπολλύντα ） living creatures; for he kills and destroys them when he sends a plague in time of great heat; compare Euripides … and Archilochus:
Lord Apollo, reveal Thou the guilty and destroy them as Thou ever dost.
Macrobius Saturnalia:
“The mark is because Archilochus uses ὑπερτέρα for νεωτέρα ‘younger,’ thus:
only the younger daughter of Lycambes46
Scholiast on Homer
47And the finest of poets, Archilochus, when he praises the hair, praises it on the head of a harlot, crying ‘while her hair,’ etc.
She rejoiced with a branch of myrtle and the fair flower of the rose-tree in her hands,48 while her hair veiled her shoulders and her back.
Synesius In Praise of Baldness:
ῥόδον means the flower, rose, ῥοδωνιά the place, rosary, ῥοδῆ the plant, rosetree; Archilochus: —” Ammonius Words Alike but Different “And in another passage Archilochus says:
perfumed so of hair and bosom that e'en an old man would have loved them49
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
[on perfume, after fr. 31] “50When Pericles returned to Athens after his reduction of Samos, he honoured the fallen with a public funeral, at which he won very great admiration for the speech he delivered, in accordance with custom, at the tomb. As he stepped down from the platform, most of the women clasped his hand and put wreaths and ribbons upon his head as though he had been a winner in the Games; but Elpinice went up to him and said: ‘You indeed deserve wreaths, Pericles, for the great things you have done, seeing that you have lost us many brave citizens, not in war with Medes or Phoenicians like my brother Cimon, but subduing an allied and kindred people.’ Thereupon Pericles with a gentle smile, it is said, quoted to her the words of Archilochus:
Too old art thou to scent thyself with perfumes.
Plutarch Life of Pericles:
The wine made of barley is called by some writers ‘ale’ … compare Archilochus:
She drank to the tune of the flute as a Thracian or Phrygian drinks his ale.51
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
52 βάβαξ : —talkative; compare Archilochus:
The talkative lecher53 went to and fro in the house.
Orion Etymologicum:
54 παλίνσκιον : Archilochus in the Trimeters:
They leant against the wall in the shadow;
that is, in the dark.
Harpocration Lexicon to the Ten Orators:
κύψαι :—that is, to hang oneself; compare Archilochus:
They hung their heads and spued out55 all their pride.
Photius Lexicon:
56Archilochus says:
But various are the things which cheer men's hearts;
in imitation of Homer.
Clement of Alexandria Miscellanies
57 ἐγκυτί :—a word meaning ἐν χρῷ ‘skin-close’; compare Archilochus:
his hair （ or mane） shorn skin-close from his shoulders
Etymologicum Magnum:
αἰηνές :—terrible or lamentable; compare Archilochus:
brought and set before his children a lamentable feast.58
Etymologicum Magnum:
59 κορωνός :—haughty and head-in-air; .. compare Archilochus:
We have a working ox that is haughty, knowing his work but unwilling to plough.
Etymologicum Magnum:
περιθεῖν ‘to run round’ means this （‘to surround on all sides’）, as Archilochus shows; compare:
For such a fence runs round the courtyard.
Scholiast on Homer
60the Archilochian citation gives it short:
For we will never carry thee across without pay.61
Apollonius Dyscolus Adverbs [on adverbs ending in iota]
62… for Archilochus uses φυτόν （usually meaning ‘plant’） in the sense of ‘tumour or growth’:
For I know of another good cure for such a growth.
Scholiast on Theocritus [ἱππομανές]
“63And what of Homer? Let one example suffice:64 ‘… and the hearts of the sailors tremble for fear; for by but a little ride they from beneath death’ … Homer does not set a limit to the danger once for all, but paints men continually about to be swallowed up by every successive wave. Nay, by forcing the two prepositions ὑπό and ἐκ together unnaturally, he has tortured the verse to answer to the agony it describes, and by compressing the line has described the calamity surpassingly well, and all but stamped the peculiar nature of the peril on the words he employs. Archilochus does the same in the shipwreck.
stood on the edge between sea and wind.
[Longinus] On the Sublime:
ἥκη :—the sharpness or edge of iron: compare Archilochus
Etymologicum Magnum:
65We call by the name of tokens or omens sneezes or sayings or meetings: compare Archilochus:
I seek thee making an omen.66
Scholiast on Pindar
“They, it seems, called a man σοφός , wise or skilled, who pursued any art or craft, and among them was Archilochus who says:
a good man and a skilled steersman … a threesailed boat.
Ammonius
“The aforesaid word φηλήτης ‘thief' occurs in Hesiod, and in Archilochus in the following line:
Thief that prowlest round the city in the night,
that is, a thief that lies in wait by night.
Eustathius on the Odyssey
67 μύκης :—… the male organ, declined by Archilochus with the same number of syllables,68 thus:
fracti sunt nervi mentulae <meae>.
Herodian The Accentuation of Nouns:
“It is also declined as a spondee Α῎ρης , Α῎ρου （‘of Ares’）, whence extending it according to the Ionic dialect Archilochus gives in his Trimeters the form Α῎ρεω thus:
son of bloody Ares
Eustathius on the Iliad
“… the time of old age, for which the poet Archilochus declares idleness to be good.” Old Etymologicum Magnum “μακκοᾶν :—to converse （?） … compare:
An idle life is good for the aged, the more so if they be simple in their ways or be like to be stupid or to speak nought but foolishness, as old men will.69
Cedren Compendium of Histories:
70These
Sapaeans
are mentioned by Archilochus in an iambic poem.
Pausanias Description of Greece
Tetrameters
“7172Cratinus has imitated the same line in the Flask, thus, ‘O most desolate fellow-townsmen,’ etc. It comes from Archilochus:
O most desolate fellow-townsmen, understand these words of mine.
Scholiast on Aristophanes Peace [‘O most wise and witty farmers, understand these words of mine’]
The figs in Paros … are mentioned by Archilochus, thus:
Heed not Paros and those figs and the life of the sea.
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
Hesiod, however, and Archilochus, according to Apollodorus, already know that they are called collectively both ‘Greeks’ and ‘All-Greeks,’ the one using the latter word of the suitors of the daughters of Proetus, the other thus:
How hath the misery of all Greece gathered in Thasos!
Strabo Geography:
73Alcaeus and Alcman say that a stone was hung over him; … and Archilochus writes:
nor let the stone of Tantalus overhang this isle.
Scholiast on Pindar [on Tantalus]
74… just as Archilochus, entangled in the Thracian troubles, likens the war to a storm at sea, somehow thus:
Look, Glaucus; the waves e'en now run high, and upright about the tops of the Gyrae stands a cloud, the token of a storm; fear cometh of the unexpected.75
Heracleitus Homeric Allegories:
Moreover he clearly adapts the following line, ‘The ends of victory lie for man in the hands of the Gods,’76 in the Iambic:
and hearten the young; the ends of victory are among the Gods.77
Clement of Alexandria Miscellanies [Archilochus]
Archilochus:—
Thou shouldest entrust all things to the Gods; often they raise uprigth those that be laid low on the black earth through misfortunes, and often they overthrow men and lay them on their backs though they stand firm enough; then cometh much trouble, and a man wanders in need of food and distraught in mind.
Stobaeus Anthology [that human prosperity is uncertain, because fortune easily changes]
78Later writers call by the name of κέρας or ‘horn’ the hornlike bunching-together of the hair of the head; compare Archilochus:
Sing of Glaucus the horn-fashioner …
Scholiast on the Iliad
For some writers say that the hair is called κέρας or ‘horn,’ whence come κείρασθαι ‘to be shorn’ and κουρά ‘cutting of the hair,’ and explain the ‘horn-fashioner’ of Archilochus as ‘vain of one's hair’ or ‘foppish.’” Plutarch Sagacity of Animals [on the same passage of Homer] “79Archilochus … speaking of a general, says:
I love not a tall general nor a straddling, nor one proud of his hair nor one part-shaven;80 for me a man should be short and bowlegged to behold, set firm on his feet, full of heart.81
Dio Chrysostom Orations:
But nevertheless they cut off Vinius' head and Laco's too, and took them to Otho to ask for rewards. But as Archilochus says:
Of seven that lie dead whom we overtook in the pursuit, we are the thousand slayers.
In like manner then many that had no hand in the murder bloodied their hands and swords to show to Otho, and thrusting papers upon him, asked for rewards.
Plutarch Life of Galba:
82It is called a trochee because it has a running rhythm; for Archilochus uses it when his theme is ‘hot’ or excited, as in the line:83
Where, O where, Erxias, is the luckless host mustering?
Schoell's Anecdota Varia:
84… but the sun rather takes up the moisture from the carcases by its burning heat; wherefore Archilochus speaks scientifically where he says:
Many of them I hope the Dog-Star85 will wither up with his keen rays.
Plutarch Dinner-Table Problems [on the rotting of meat]
… just as the line ‘The War-God is alike to all and slayeth him that would slay’ is adapted thus by Archilochus:
Let him do it; for truly Ares is alike to all.
Clement of Alexandria Miscellanies
Archilochus: —
No man getteth honour or glory of his countrymen once he be dead; rather do we pursue the favour of the living while we live; the dead getteth ever the worst part.
Stobaeus Anthology [that after death most of us are quickly forgotten]
86Archilochus: —
It is not good to revile dead men.
Stobaeus Anthology [that we ought not to make a mock of the dead]
Similarly Archilochus: —
One great thing I know,87 how to recompense with evil reproaches him that doeth me evil.
Theophilus of Antioch To Autolycus [that those who do wrong will be punished]
88Archilochus: —
Soul, my soul, that art confounded with hopeless troubles, look up and defend thyself against thy enemies, setting a bold front against ambushes and standing nigh unto the foe firm-planted; and exult not openly if thou prevail, nor if thou prevail not lie wailing at home; but rejoice not overmuch in delightful things nor be vexed overmuch in ill, knowing what sort of temper89 possesseth man.
Stobaeus Anthology [on anger]
When we think we are slighted, our anger rises more against friends and acquaintance than against strangers. And so Archilochus is quite right when he thus addresses his soul in blame of his friends:
For 'tis thy friends make90 thee choke thyself.91
Aristotle Politics:
“There is no desire more imperious than that of thirst, and that is why Homer calls Argos ‘much-thirsted-after,’ as being greatly desired owing to lapse of time [to the absent Greeks]. And so too Sophocles says … and Archilochus:
I long to fight with thee even as when I am thirsty I long to drink.
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner [on the metaphor of thirst]
“It occurs also in certain of the poets, as in Archilochus thus:
But now the rule is with Leophilus, the power is with Leophilus, all belongeth to Leophilus, and I address Leophilus.
Herodian Figures of Speech [repetition of a word in various cases]
92Adapting Homer where he says ‘such is the mind of earthly man as the Father of Gods and men may bring him for the day,’ Archilochus says this:
Such, Glaucus son of Leptines, becometh the mind of mortal man as Zeus may bring him for the day, and he thinketh such things as the deeds he meeteth.
Theon First Course in Grammar:
‘I would that’ says every man that prays, and Archilochus says:
I would that so93 I might be granted to touch Neobule's hand.94
Plutarch On the E at Delphi:
“Thus ἀσκός （bag made of skin） is here used of the region of the belly; compare Archilochus:
et impigrum in utrem cadere et ventrem trudere in ventrem, femora in femora.
Scholiast on Euripides
And again Archilochus, adapting the Homeric line ‘I was infatuate, I myself deny it not; worth many hosts …,’ writes:
I sinned, and methinks this retribution hath overtaken another.
Clement of Alexandria Miscellanies
95… Archilochus, who in his censure makes the father speak of the daughter in the Iambic poem:96
There is nothing in the world unexpected, nothing to be sworn impossible nor yet marvellous, now that Zeus the Father of the Olympians hath made night of noon by hiding the light of the shining Sun so that sore fear came upon mankind. Henceforth is anything whatsoever to be believed or expected. Let not one of you marvel, nay, though he see the beasts of the field exchange pasture with the dolphins of the deep, and the roaring waves of the sea become dearer than the land to such as loved the hill.97
Aristotle Rhetoric （see fr. 25）
… As for instance when Archilochus prays:
Give ear, Lord Hephaestus, be a propitious aider in the fray unto thy suppliant, and grant me what Thou shalt grant;98
he clearly is calling on the God, but when .. （see fr. 12）.
Plutarch How the Young should listen to Poetry:
“The term ἐξάρχειν ‘to lead off’ is peculiar to the lyre; thus Hesiod says … and Archilochus:
myself leading off the Lesbian Paean to the sound of the flute.99
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
According to Philochorus the ancients do not always sing a dithyramb when pouring the libation, but when the libation has been poured, thus praising Apollo quietly and with decorum and Dionysus amid wine and jollity. Compare Archilochus:
For I know how to lead off the pretty tune of Lord Dionysus, my wits thunderstricken with wine.100
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
101Archilochus speaks of Pericles as breaking into banquets uninvited like the Myconians:..
drinking much and unmingled wine, neither contributing thy cost [nor … ]; nor yet enterest thou invited as a friend unto friends, but thy belly hath sore beguiled thy mind and thy wits to have no shame.102
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
Asynartete Tetrameters
103104These too were first used by Archilochus. For in some places he combined the 3 1/2-foot anapaestic and the 1 1/2-foot trochaic called ithyphallic, thus ‘Charilaus,’ etc. But his successors did not write it in the same way. For while he employed the caesura （or word-separation） only at the end of the colon, and admitted spondees in the anapaestic part of the line as ‘And some of the citizens’ etc., his successors employed the caesura promiscuously; compare Cratinus….
Charilaus son of Erasmon, I'll tell thee a droll thing, thou much the dearest of my comrades, and the hearing of it shall delight thee … to love him though hateful and not talk with … and some of the citizens went behind but most of them … about to raise hands to Demeter …
Hephaestion Handbook of Metre [on ‘unconnectable' metres]
And one might take it there is a third point of difference between Archilochus and his successors, namely that he appears to use an anapaest in the first foot, thus ‘I will tell’ etc. and ‘To love him though hateful’ etc., which they did not. But this is probably wrong, because in both cases the apparent anapaest becomes an iambus by synecphonesis or combination of vowels.”
Hephaestion Handbook of Metre
Archilochus was the first to use an anapaestic with this number of feet, putting it before the ithyphallic in the Tetrameters, for ‘Charilaus son of Erasmon’ is a 3 1/2-foot anapaestic; and he also used an iambus in the first foot, as is clear from the example just quoted, and even a spondee as ‘about to raise’ etc. The first-foot anapaest seems to be found only in two lines, ‘I will tell’ etc. and ‘To love him though hateful’ etc.; but in both lines the anapaest is really an iambus by synecphonesis.”
Hephaestion Handbook of Metre [on the anapaestic]
We have already spoken of the gluttony of Thys the king of the Paphlagonians…. And Archilochus in the Tetrameters has reproached Charilas with the same thing.105
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
… The words that differ in the spelling: these are … εἴκελος ‘like’ in ‘like lightning,’ and ἴκελος , .. βακχεία ‘Bacchic revelry’ and bakxi/a in Archilochus’ line:
each man drank from dawn onward, and in Bacchic revelries ..
Grammarian in Welcker's Opuscula:
Epodes
“Archilochus: —
Wretched I lie, dead with desire, pierced through my bones with the bitter pains the Gods have given me.
Stobaeus Anthology [censure of Aphrodite; and that love is a poor thing and of how many ills the cause]
“There is a third ‘unconnectable’ line in Archilochus, consisting of a 2 1/2-foot dactylic and an iambic dimeter acatalectic:
but Desire that looseth our limbs, my comrade, overwhelmeth me.
Hephaestion Handbook of Metre:
106 αἶνος ‘fable’ and παροιμία ‘proverb’: —the Fable is a fictitious narrative concerning the animal or vegetable creation applied to man, according to Lucius Tarrhaeus in the 1st Book of his Proverbs, compare, for an instance of the animal sort, Archilochus:
This is a fable among men, that a Fox and an Eagle made friends together.
Ammonius Words Alike but Different:
‘Dost thou see that high rock yonder, rough and malignant? Therein I sit preparing battle against thee.’ This high rock it is impossible for the shrewd and knavish beast to climb, and for the Fox to come at the Eagle's young, either they must by some evil chance lose their home and fall to the ground, or the Fox must grow limbs contrary to nature, and whirl swift wings, and thus rise from the ground and fly up to the high rock. So long as either abides in his proper place, there is no association between the creatures of the earth and those of the sky. [e.g. ‘… either by some evil hap must their home needs be destroyed and they thrown to earth, or thou must grow what nature denies thee and whirl hence swift wings; but so long as either of us shall abide where he is, there is no intercourse between the creatures of earth and the creatures of sky.’]
Atticus in Eusebius
Archilochus107: —
‘O Zeus, Father Zeus, Thine is the rule of Heaven, Thou overseest the deeds of men, alike knavish and lawful; Thou takest count of the right-doing or wrong-doing of beasts.’108
Stobaeus Selections [on God's setting Justice to watch mankind's doings on earth and to take vengeance on evil-doers]
… and again when he says ‘Like’ etc., then he adds ‘The Ape,’ etc.
Like a grievous message-stick, thou son of a Herald,109 I will tell thee and thine a fable- The Ape parted from the other beasts and was walking alone in the borderland,110 when the crafty Fox met him with cunning in his heart.111
Ammonius Words Alike but Different [on Archilochus]
112 σκανδάληθρον : …it is the bent piece of wood in a trap, on which it leans; Archilochus calls it ῥόποτρον :
leaning on the trap-stick113
Etymologicum Magnum:
This too he parodies from the Epodes of Archilochus:
with such a rump, thou Ape…114
Scholiast on Aristophanes [‘with such a beard, thou ape, thou, dost thou, a eunuch, come?’]
“115 καταπροΐξασθαι : —From προικός , of which the Ionians make three syllables like their disyllabic nominative προΐξ . He says ‘It is not given gratis, nor shall I be condemned as having taken a bribe, but he shall pay for what he has had done.’ And the word ἐπαιτής ‘beggar’ and he who asks to have a thing gratis （ προῖκα αἰτῶν ） are called προΐκτης . Thus I find it stated in the Notes on the Epodes of Archilochus.
And he shall not come off scot-free for what he hath done unto me.
Cramer's Inedita （Paris）
προΐκτης : … some derive it from ἵξεσθαι ‘to be about to come,’ that is, to receive some gift; compare Archilochus:” Etymologicum Magnum:
“116All the same, Fortune, like the woman in Archilochus who
carried water in the one hand, the wily one, and fire in the other,
had no sooner by these dread tidings taken Sparta from him, than she gave him fresh hopes of new and great things from the following circumstance.
Plutarch Life of Demetrius
117There are also poems called, with the masculine termination, ἐπῳδοί or ‘epodes,’ in which a shorter line follows a longer; compare:118
Father Lycambes, what, pray, is this thou hast imagined? Who hath perverted the wits thou wast endowed with? Thou seem'st matter for much laughter to thy fellows now.119
Hephaestion On Poems
Dotades
Lycambes son of Dotus.
Hesychius Glossary:
120[ τέο for τίνος ]: This form τέῳ ‘to whom’ has been ventured on, and τέου ‘of whom,’ for instance:
What God, pray, and with whom angered…:
Etymologicum Magnum
For, as is well known, many that have shared salt and table have plotted against their fellow-guests, and the literature of the world is full of examples. Moreover the Parian iambic-writer thus reproaches Lycambes for annulling an agreement made by ‘salt and table’:
And hast thou turned thy back on a great oath made by salt and table?121
Origen Against Celsus
“The salt and the table did nothing for Archilochus towards the granting of his marriage, as he says himself.” Dio Chrysostom “
tumebat mentula eius like that of a he-ass of Priene that eateth corn.
Eustathius on the Odyssey
122 κήλων comes from he-asses; compare Archilochus: ‘Like,’ etc.” “ τρύγη is the fruit of Demeter （i.e corn） as in ‘he-ass that eateth corn’ where it stands for ‘barley-eating,’ with pleonasm of ο like κρυόεις and ὀκρυόεις ; compare Archilochus.” Etymologicum Magnum: “Archilochus: —” Etymologicum Sorbonianum: “
…driven out of his course by the waves; and at Salmydessus may the top-knotted Thracians seize him bare of friendly [kinsfolk123], there to eat the bread of servitude and fill the measure of many ills, seize him frozen with the cold;124 and may he have upon him much tangle125 of the surges, and his teeth be chattering, as he lies on his belly126 like a dog, helpless on the edge of the surf, spewing out the wave. This I fain would behold, because he wronged me and trod a covenant underfoot, he that once was my friend.127
From a Papyrus of the 2nd Century
The [tell-tale] fold of thy robe,128 miserable woman, showeth whom thou sittest next. Delver Hipponax, he knoweth it better than any man. And Ariphantus knoweth it too. Happy he, that he never saw the thief a-stinking of he-goat!129 [But while] he was at war with the potter Aeschylides, Hipponax reft [thee of thy virginity];130 and now all the tale's made clear.131” From a Papyrus of the 2nd Century “132The dactylic tetrameter with disyllabic catalexy （or shortening）, first used by Archilochus in the Epodes:
to take to wife a patent evil
Hephaestion Handbook of Metre:
Music has power to check faction and disturbance… and so Archilochus says:
and whoso liveth is soothed by song.
From a Papyrus of the 1st Century B.C., Philodemus On Music:
133The trochaic trimeter catalectic, like this of Archilochus, called by some the headless iambic:
O Father Zeus, 'twas no wedding I feasted at!
Hephaestion
134Notable too in the form of the trochaic is the brachycatalectic dimeter called ithyphallic, first used by Archilochus, who combines it with the dactylic tetrameter thus:
No longer doth thy soft skin bloom as it did; 'tis withering now.
Hephaestion
Homer says ‘the eels and fishes were afflicted’ （by the fire）, and Archilochus similarly:
many a blind eel hast thou entertained.135
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
136The ravens are said ἀπτερύεσθαι , as slackening their flight. The word is used instead of διασείουσι , ‘shake’ their wings in coming to the end of their flight; for they flap them either through pleasure at reaching their nest or in order to shake out the moisture of the air. And in Archilochus the Crow shaking with joy
flapped her wings like a halcyon on a jutting rock.137
Scholiast on Aratus Phaenomena:
“Archilochus:—
For such was the desire of love that twisted itself138 beneath thy （?） heart and poured a thick mist over thine eyes, stealing the gentle wits from thy head.139
Stobaeus Anthology [censure of Aphrodite, and that love is a poor thing and of how many ills the cause]
… and again ‘When,’ etc. （line 1）.
When the people gathered for the Games, and among them Batusiades140
Hephaestion On Poems （after fr. 94）
… But if the foot which composes the metre be trisyllabic, the catalexis or shortening can extend to two syllables as in the dactylic line ‘and among them’ etc.; here the last syllable stands instead of a dactyl.” Hephaestion Handbook of Metre [on catalectic lines]
of Selleiades141
the son of Selleus, the seer by name Batusiades.
Hesychius Glossary
142The future lies before the Gods, as it were before their eyes; for this reason ‘Zeus’ etc., and moreover because this very thing is testified to by the same poet; for his second line is ‘and himself’ etc.
Zeus is the surest prophet among the Gods, and himself holdeth the fulfilment.143
Aristides Orations
“This can be divided into the acatalectic Archilochian dimeter, of which I have spoken above:
Thou hast drawn friends to thee as a sheaf the dove.144
Marius Plotius [the iambic pentameter catalectic]
Their name is sometimes given with the middle syllable short; compare Archilochus:
cowering145 like a partridge
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner [on partridges]
Plato says that what is well-born is noble; compare Archilochus:
Pass by, for thou art a noble146 man.
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
Yes, yes, by the green of the poppy;
CURFRAG.tlg-0232.113
a jesting oath.147
Suidas Lexicon
θῳή ‘retribution’:—this word has the iota by tradition, since it is found in the form θωϊή , as for instance in Archilochus:
and in order that retribution may take thee
Etymologicum Magnum:
148Archilochus too calls the eagle black-rumped:
lest thou meet a black-rumped creature149
Scholiast on the Iliad
150 ἔμπλην :— ἐμπελάδην ‘close to,’ or, as some use it, ‘apart from’; the latter use occurs in Archilochus:
apart from Pholus and me
Apollonius the Sophist Homeric Lexicon: “151 λεωκόρητος :—‘utterly destroyed,’ for λέως is equivalent to τελέως ‘completely’; compare Archilochus:
for they had no sense at all.
Photius Lexicon:
Thargelia:—A feast of Apollo, and the whole month sacred to the God; at the Thargelia they offer and carry round firstfruits of all that grows, and these they call Thargelia, the month being known as Thargelion. Moreover, a good season was called Thargelian. Compare Archilochus
Dawn breaks, Phesinus; it is the Thargelia.152
Hesychius Glossary:
Coeranus of Miletus, seeing one day some fishermen who had taken a dolphin about to cut it in pieces, begged it off by a gift of money and let it go out to sea. Some time afterwards he was shipwrecked off Myconos and was saved by a dolphin when all hands were lost but he. When he died an old man in his native country and the funeral was being held near the seashore, a shoal of dolphins happened to appear in the harbour on the very day, within a stone's throw of the funeral procession, as though accompanying Coeranus to his grave and sharing the grief of the mourners.
Phylarchus
One day at Byzantium some dolphins which had been netted and taken, were ransomed, as it were, by a Parian named Coeranus who gave their captors some money and set them free. His kindness did not go unrewarded. For he was sailing one day, we are told, in a fifty-oared galley which was conveying some Milesians, when, in the strait between Naxos and Paros, the ship capsized and all aboard perished except Coeranus, who was saved by dolphins —a prompt return for his kindly action. A promontory and a cliff with a cave in it are shown where they swam ashore with him, and the place is called after him. Some time afterwards, when this man Coeranus died and his body was being burnt near the sea, the dolphins somehow learnt of it and assembled as though they had come to the funeral, and remained, like faithful friends, till the fire burnt itself out.”
Aelian Natural History
Coeranus, who was by birth a Parian,153 when one day at Byzantium a number of dolphins became entangled in a net and were about to be cut to pieces, bought them and let them all go. Soon afterwards, they say, he was at sea in a fifty-oared galley, which was carrying certain of the Milesians, when, in the strait between Naxos and Paros, the ship capsizing and all but he being lost, it is said that a dolphin ran under him and supported him, and put him ashore in a cave of Sicynthus154 which is shown to this day and called after him. It is on this episode that Archilochus is said to have written: ‘Out of fifty,’ etc. And when Coeranus came to die and his kinsmen were burning his body near the sea, a shoal of dolphins appeared off the shore as though to show that they had come to the funeral, and waited near by till all was over.”
Plutarch Sagacity of Animals
From two exemplars of an Inscription on the bases of lost statues or other monuments of Archilochus at Paros dedicated by a priest of Zeus the King and Heracles the Victorious.155
“Demeas wrote an account not only of the fame of others, but of the virtues of the poet Archilochus, his outstanding piety,156 the love he bore to his country, Paros, and the many great benefits he bestowed on the Parians —about these he wrote five Books, besides the Book which assigns them to the Archon of each year. And Demeas has given each of the things done and written of by Archilochus under the name of the archon to whose year it belongs, beginning with the first archonship of Eureas, when it seems that a fifty-oared galley which had brought ambassadors from the Milesians and was on the way back to Miletus, was lost in the [strait] of Naxos and only one of her company saved, a man named Coeranus, who was taken on its back by a dolphin, and cast up into e.g.a cave on the coast of the Syra-ward district,157 whence he [was allowed] safe-conduct under guard by right of his status as ambassador. And we hold the cave sacred to this day, and it is called after him the Cave of Coeranus. This Coeranus was associated with Archilochus in the [second] colonisation of Thasos and in the war, of which the poet makes the following mention: （1）
Out of fifty shipwrecked the kindly Poseidon left to be saved only Coeranus [who rode a little-winged dolphin cock-horse to Sicynthus.]158 … 159
“‘… And if the Parians deprive the Thracians of any gold they may be digging or carrying away, they are to restore it all to them.' All this is proved by Archilochus, who thus satirises them for perjuring themselves: （2）
Outstanding courage did he witness who was in the fleet160 and enrolled as war-cousin161 in the clan of Exacestus and Malcis （?）. Like tetters settling on the skin, even so set off the son of Peisistratus with a company of doughty wielders of flute and lyre162 for Thasos, bearing a gift of pure gold163 for the Thracians; and they made misfortune for their fellows164 by their own gain.165
This is because they （afterwards） killed the Thracians, and all of them were themselves either drowned by the Parians or carried off as slaves by the Thracians. In the following year Amphitimus is archon again, and at this time the poet proves again that they （the Parians） won a great victory over the Naxians, in the following words: （3）
And highest of all,166 taking her stand propitious near by, Fortune shone forth, and went, and where'er she came bore rule; and up rose the war-cry of a doughty people; and not one of the javelineers but had his hold of the thong,167 for they all cast their javelins; aye, and every one of the many that ran ahead leaping forth against us, Death had surely for his prey. And whomsoever …
“e.g. … according to Demeas, but [they defeated them;] and that Demeas is right is proved by the poet [thus:] （4）
[The trophy's up,168 and joy] hath come upon the host; and what is now accomplished [is all as good as we hoped; for ye have won this land] where I was rescued from the surf [by Poseidon, without whose aid169 ye would not possess a] holy precinct, but an unprofitable [land such as the Gods share not with man.]
And that Glaucus defeated [and killed the Thracian （?） general] in single combat, as we are told by Demeas, is proved by the poet [in his iambics thus:] （5）
[You, Glaucus,] will not tremble in limb and wit [when you come to face Ares. For you, I trow, were not of old the man who] bethought him of his country [only] when he was at his ease, or dared great deeds in his cups [only to turn tail before the War-God; nay, but] you slew with your spear [the chief of an host,170 and overcame a multitude single-handed.] It was yours [to put men to rout] with your very wrath.
[The poet spent no time abroad] except for his [frequent voyages] to Thasos, where he visited among others a courtesan [who was the daughter] of the disdainful woman whom [he upbraids in his iambics thus:] （6）
e.g. How shall [I] betake [me to such embraces? Shall I not chose figs] before wild pears?171
[And according to Demeas he took her （the daughter） with him] when he left Thasos, and made her his wedded wife. And that Demeas is right in saying this about this courtesan, the poet proves in these words: （7）
For [thou hadst] a thousand husbands [who now hast one;]
[and] in these: （8）
e.g. I took thee [for my wedded] wife [whom I found a harlot,] and to the midwives [I have ever been known for a sure] acknowledger of the children thou barest.172
but according to [Demeas they parted] after [seven years.] And that he is right the poet proves thus: （9）
Thou barest fruit, Tereina, [of the seed thou hadst] of an over-dowered marriage with me.173
And again: （10）
[Thee that I made fresh] who [before] wast staled174 by many and many a Cabarnian175 [lover,] thee I have possessed [these seven years （?）] and none but thee, [thy helpmeet] undefiled. But now [thou giv'st thyself airs （?） and wranglest with me （?）, and hast brought] ten harlots [into] my house [while I was abroad.] Change thy garments176 and go out o' nights and make sport [once more] for such as be no woman's husband.177
And again: （11）
e.g. Whither wilt thou go [to find thee] a new [husband?] Go bed thee with a Seriphian frog:178 and [then when thou'rt dry thou shalt have thy fill, and if] thou wouldst have more than that, [that too.]179
[And according to] Demeas they （the Parians） sent [a successful expedition] against the Acraephnians;180 and that he is right in this Archilochus proves in these [jesting] words: （12）
Acraephnis, how [art thou off for citizens?]
And each of these things the poet proves thus: （13）
When they [knew the full depth of their woe,] they [the enemy] bartered [their arms] for food; [and I cut] the leathern handle [from a shield] and shaved off [the hair of it], that it might serve me to smooth out [the aged] wrinkles181 from [my wife's] skin,182 so that [I] might not have [a prawn （?） to embrace.183
And again: （14）
And when [they] began to cast the javelins from their hands, [their king]184 exhorted them [with disdainful words.] But their [pride] was humbled. For Athena, daughter of Zeus, [stood] nigh [above us and gave her nod, and 'twas not Ionians185 that] set an ewer on the coping-stone,186 [but Aeolians.187 And when] their wall of defence, [which the Carians had builded] sweating at the long slow [laying] of stones, was broke open, [as for us, among all our] tribes188 arose [the music] of Lesbian [lyreplayers, and] laying [hand] on hand [the host] set up the dance, while Zeus [the Father] of the Olympians [thundered his favour. Meanwhile of the foe no man] was to be master any more [of what had been his, but] they all stood sore troubled; [the hope each] had fostered [had gone out] ere he knew it, [never] to be lit again; and they sat [still and waited sleepless for the dawn.]
… [Apol]lonius … of her mother （or of his —or her —mother herself）… … 189 … 190 … 191 “of his （or her） country and Archilochus [Demeas makes mention] there again …” … 192
Who hath honoured thee by carving thee, ‘the servitor of the Muses' that art in the stone, thou son of Telesicles? I will tell thee right truly if thou knowest not. Being a good man and not left behind by Virtue, Sostheus193 son of Prosthenes hath stolen my tuneful song to make him a destiny of eternal fame. （ followed by two couplets beginning The helm of Wisdom and ending Paros194）.
“[on ‘unconnectable’ metres]: The last foot of the dactylic tetrapody becomes, with the last syllable anceps, a cretic; compare:
and195 the steep glens of the hills, such as he was in youth
Hephaestion Handbook of Metre
196[on the catalectic iambic]: The trimeter, as for instance in Archilochus:
… row, and destroys the … of evil eld
Hephaestion Handbook of Metre
Paros :—an island which is also called a
by Archilochus in the Epodes.
Stephanus of Byzantium Lexicon
197
The Fox knoweth many things, the Hedgehog one great thing.198
This saying occurs in an Epode of Archilochus. It is used of the greatest scoundrels.
Zenobius Proverbs
Hymns
Hymn to Heracles
199The sounding chant of Archilochus at Olympia, the threefold rolling victory-song, sufficed to lead Epharmostus when he went in triumph past the Cronian hill with his dear companions, but now, etc.
Ting-a-ling victorious! all hail Lord Heracles, Thyself and Iolaus, warriors twain, Ting-a-ling victorious! all hail Lord Heracles.200
Pindar Olympians:
a） It was the custom for the winner to celebrate his victory in the evening with a fluteplayer; and if there was no fluteplayer present, one of the winner's companions struck up by speaking the words τήνελλα καλλίνικε （that is, ‘ting-a-ling victorious’）. —（b） The chant of Archilochus which was sung in honour of winners at the Olympian Games had three strophes, being of such a nature as to be able to apply generally to any winner because its words contained no mention of the event it celebrated, nor the name of the winner or the nature of the contest. The refrain employed was this, τήνελλα καλλίνικε … —（c） The word ‘threefold’ is used because they shouted the word καλλίνικε thrice, that is not to say thrice in immediate succession, but the strophe is threefold and the refrain repeated with each. But according to Eratosthenes the chant of Archilochus is not really a victory-song but a hymn to Heracles, and the word ‘threefold’ does not refer to its being composed of three strophes, but because the word καλλίνικε was used three times as a refrain. With regard to the word τήνελλα we are told by Eratosthenes that when the fluteplayer or lyre-player was not present the chorus-leader took it up and spoke it ‘outside of the song,’ and then the chorus of revellers joined in with καλλίνικε , and thus came the combination τήνελλα καλλίνικε . The song begins ‘O hail victorious,’ etc. —（d） Having composed a hymn to Heracles, Archilochus was at a loss for a lyre-player and imitated the tune in speech. Thus he made this word τήνελλα as a start for what followed, and himself spoke the tune of the lyre, that is τήνελλα , in the midst of the chorus, and they did the rest. From this it came about that when a lyre-player was not to be had, this word τήνελλα was used instead. The whole song is as follows: ‘Ting-a-ling,’ etc.”
Scholiasts on Pindar Olympians
“Alalalai! hail Thou Healer, τήνελλα καλλίνικος , Most excellent of Deities!”
Aristophanes Birds
“The word τήνελλα is the representation of a certain musical sound of the flute taken from the refrain which Archilochus repeated in honour of Heracles after the Labour of the Augean Stables: ‘Ting-a-ling,’ etc. It appears that Archilochus first used this refrain for himself, when he won the competition for the Hymn to Demeter at Paros.”
Scholiast on Aristophanes Birds
Iobacchi
“There is another ‘unconnectable’ metre with the first antipathy or ‘opposition,’ consisting of an iambic dimeter acatalectic and a 3 1/2-foot trochaic, known as the Euripidean, as for instance in the Iobacchi ascribed to Archilochus:
Celebrating the feast of the holy Demeter and Core
Hephaestion Handbook of Metre:
Βέχειρ .. χρυσοέθειρ
golden-haired
in the Iobacchi of Archilochus, a shortened form of χρυσοέθειρος .
Stephanus of Byzantium Lexicon:
201 σκύτα : —the part between the tendons of the neck … compare Archilochus:
how did he saw off202 the nape of the neck?
Erotian Glossary to Hippocrates:
203The preposition ὑπό is used instead of μετά , ‘by the light of torches’; compare Archilochus:
singing to the fluteplayer's accompaniment
Scholiast on Homer
204Cephisodorus the pupil of the orator Isocrates, in the 3rd Book of his treatise To Aristotle , declares that in the other poets or sophists you may find at least one or two things ill said, for instance in Archilochus:
omnes tentigo cepit
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
αὐόνη : —dryness; Archilochus; compare
Zeus gave them an evil drought.
Old Etymologicum Magnum:
205 φέψαλοι are sparks … and the word is found in Archilochus:
and I was a spark of fire to him.
Scholiast on Aristophanes
206 στύπος : —Lycophron … the stump of the vine is so called, whence Archilochus:
（I） cudgelled （him） from the door.
Etymologicum Magnum
“ α ）μυδρόν : —In this passage it means ‘difficult or troublesome’ （?）, as in Archilochus:
avoiding a dim-seen reef.
Scholiast on Nicander Venomous Bites:
207Compounds of the prefix τρις - ‘thrice’ mean ‘very much’; compare .. and this:
and the thrice miserable city of Thasos;
in Archilochus.208
Eustathius on the Odyssey
προΐκτης : —‘beggar’: the preposition πρό instead of παρά ; from προϊκνεῖσθαι , ‘to come before’ … （ see fr. 92） … But Herodian makes it from ἴσσω , as in Archilochus:
I put forth my hand and beg.
209 Etymologicum Magnum:
“The word ἧπαρ ‘liver’ must be aspirated, for synaloephe （of ἐπί] occurs in Archilochus with the φ , thus:
for thou hast no gall to thy liver.210
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
And so it is that the garrulous can never meet with any willing to share a dining-couch or tent with them on a journey by land or sea —they will only do so of necessity; for one of this sort is ever at you, plucking your coat or tweaking your beard or knocking at the door of your ribs, aye,
feet are the most valuable there;211
as Archilochus says.
Plutarch Garrulity
That the Cretan constitution is the most ancient is shown by Homer, who calls the cities of Crete ‘well-inhabited.’ Archilochus shows the same thing in the lines in which he mocks at somebody, saying:
and he's learning the laws of Crete.212
Heracleides Constitutions:
213They wish to lengthen the iota of πεδοτρίψ ‘wearer-out-of-fetters,’ in spite of Archilochus'
like scoundrelly knaves
Herodian Complete Prosody:
“214 α ）῀ , ‘Ah’ :—… it is used also to mean ‘much’ and ‘great’ by Archilochus:
was he pleased, and in among the bulls…215
Suidas Lexicon
“[ φύω , to grow] :… from which comes Archilochus'
a tumour betwixt the thighs
Cramer Inedita （Oxford）
The dative φθειρσί occurs in Archilochus:
afflicted with lice216
Cramer Inedita （Oxford）
217 μέζεα : —the genitals, because they lie in the midst of the tail-parts —Hesiod μέσσεα —as in Archilochus:
and severed the sinews of his genitals;218
with exchange of ζ and δ , me/dea.
Etymolicum Magnum
This refers to the line of Archilochus
and much foam was about his mouth.
Scholiast on Aristophanes Lysistrata [‘and much foam blooms about his jaws’]
παρδοκον : —soaking wet … and Archilochus
[ …. ]219
Scholiast on Aristophanes Peace:
Its tail-feathers wag, like those of Archilochus'
ceryl
or cock-halcyon.
220Aelian Natural History [the wagtail]
As Archilochus says,
And much was the wealth which, gathered with long time and labour, he would pour into the lap of a harlot.221
Aelian Natural History
And they did exactly what Archilochus speaks of （paraphrase of the above）.
Nicetas Choniata History
“222I will employ the expression used by Archilochus:
thou hast taken a cricket by the wing;
if, that is, you have ever heard of an iambic poet of Paros called Archilochus, a man of great frankness and outspokenness, who never hesitated to utter a reproach however much it would hurt the victims of the bitterness of his lines. Well, this Archilochus, being slandered by one of these people, said that the man had taken a cricket by the wing, likening himself to the cricket, which chatters naturally and without compulsion, but shouts the louder when it is taken by the wing. ‘And you’ says he, ‘what are you at, inciting a talkative poet against you by seeking reasons and themes for his iambics?’223
Lucian The Liar
“Now the man who excels in strength, though he were stronger than one, would be kept down by two, as we are told by Archilochus and the proverb.”
Aristides Orations
“The proverb is ‘Not even Heracles against two’; what Archilochus said is unknown, but it was probably something similar.”
Scholiast on Aristides Orations
“Such was Aethiops the Corinthian （as we are told by Demetrius of Scepsis）, who is mentioned by Archilochus. It seems that he was led by his love of pleasure and want of self-control, when voyaging with Archias to Sicily to found Syracuse, to barter the allotment of land he was to receive when they got there, for a honey-cake.”
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
“Stryme :—In his 5th Book Philochorus, citing the authority of Archilochus, mentions the dissension between the Thasians and the Maronites about Stryme.”
Harpocration Lexicon to the Ten Orators
“According to some writers Archilochus is wrong to make Deianeira, in the episode of her forcing by the Centaur, recite poetry to Heracles in which she reminds him of her wooing by Achelous and what then took place, so that Nessus has plenty of time to do what he wishes.”
Dio Chrysostom Orations [on Nessus and Deianeira]
“When Heracles wedded Oeneus' daughter Deianeira and was living at his father-in-law's at Calydon, he killed the winebearer Cyathus son of Architeles with a blow of his fist, because at a feast he unintentionally poured the foot-wash over his hands, and then fleeing with his wife killed the Centaur Nessus in the river Euenus. This is the account given by Archilochus.”
Scholiast on Apollonius of Rhodes
“Archilochus could not bring himself to make Achelous fight Heracles as a river, and so made him a bull.”
Scholiast on the Iliad
It said that （after Marius' defeat of the Teutons） the Massaliots used the bones to fence their vines, and what with the bodies rotting in the soil and the rains which fell upon them that winter, the earth became so rich and so deeply charged with putrid matter that in due season it bore an incredible crop, thus proving the truth of the words of Archilochus:
With such a man the field is fattened.
Plutarch Life of Marius
Critias accuses Archilochus of slandering himself. ‘If’ says he ‘Archilochus had not published such an account of himself abroad in Greece, we should never have known that he was the son of the slavewoman Enipo, nor that through poverty and perplexity he left Paros for Thasos, nor what when he arrived there he quarrelled with the inhabitants; and more, we should not know, had he not told us himself, that he was an adulterer, nor lecherous and wantonly violent, nor worst of all, that he threw away his shield; and thus, according to him, Archilochus was but a poor witness in his own behalf, leaving all this fame behind him. Herein it is not I that blame Archilochus, but Critias.”
Aelian Natural History
“Lynceus, according to the wise Archilochus' account, made war on King Danaus and slew him and then took the kingdom and his daughter.”
Malalas Chronography [on the Argive kings]
“224Archilochus compares the wine of Naxos to nectar.”
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
“225Carpathus and the witness:—a proverb in the form ‘the man of Carpathus the hare,’ supply ‘introduced’; there being no hares in the island, the people introduced them, and they became so numerous that their corn and vines were damaged. Archilochus plays on the proverb, saying:
Carpathus and the witness.
Hesychius Glossary
“‘The man of Carpathus and the hare’; there being no hares, etc. （as above）; this proverb is given by Archilochus.226”
Zenobius Proverbs
“He cites the authority of … the Margites , a poem ascribed to Homer, which is not only mentioned by Aristotle himself in the 1st Book of the treatise On Poems , but ascribed to Homer by Archilochus and Cratinus, and by Callimachus in his Epigrams .”
Eustratius on Aristotle
“It is said that Alcaeus and Archilochus knew the unruly and insolent as ἀγέρωχοι or
overweening
Eustathius on the Iliad
“ ἀγόμενος ‘led’: —
a slave
in Archilochus.
Hesychius Glossary
ἀηδονιδεύς : —the young of the nightingale, and pudenda muliebria in Archilochus.227 Α᾿ήδων : —Athena, in the Pamphylian dialect.” Hesychius Glossary:
“ ἄζυγα
unyoked
Archilochus
Hesychius Glossary
ἄκομψον : —not knavish,
single-minded
Archilochus; not well disposed.
Hesychius Glossary
“… and ἀμφίβολος means
requital
or payment; at any rate it is so used by Archilochus.
Pollux Onomasticon
ἀργίλιπες ‘quite white’ as in Archilochus:
and it shone full white.228
Scholiast on Nicander Venomous Bites:
γυμνόν （usually ‘naked’ or ‘halfclad’）: —unshod or
shaven bare
as in Archilochus.
Hesychius Glossary
βόστρυχος ‘lock of hair’; from which we find the word
becurled229
in Archilochus.
Pollux Onomasticon
“Twice as much （or as great）: —Used of a man's age;
to one that is twice my age;230
Archilochus.
Hesychius Glossary
“The preposition ἐξ , when followed by a consonant, changes the ξ to κ , but not, it should be added, if it is found in redundance; for instance, in Archilochus （fr. 5）, and again
through the myrtle,
which here means the myrtle-branch.
Etymologicum Magnum
combed231
says Archilochus.
Pollux Onomasticon:
“ ἔτρεψεν : —he entrusted （?）, he deceived,
（he） misled
Archilochus
Hesychius Glossary
“‘Half the third’ is used for
two-and-a-half
by Archilochus.
Hesychius Glossary
Thriathrice
Archilochus; and they were called after the Thriae, the daughters of Zeus, as we learn from Pherecydes.232
Cyrillus in Cramer's Inedita （Paris）
“233 ἶπος is that which presses clothes in a fuller's shop; compare Archilochus:
and it lieth in the press.
Pollux Onomasticon:
Besides ἐκεῖθι , we find κεῖθι , and κεῖ
there
in Archilochus.
Cramer's Inedita （Oxford）
“The scorpion-tongued Archilochus cum mentulam
cornu tenerum
appellat, seems to derive the expression from this.234
Eustathius on the Iliad
“The fluteplayer performing on his flutes is also called κεραυλής or
hornblower
in Archilochus' phrase.
Pollux Onomasticon:
Archilochus, too, uses the word
damsons
Pollux Onomasticon:
κοπόεν ξίφος
the sword that brings suffering
in Archilochus, from κόπτειν ‘to cut.’
Etymologicum Magnum
“the largest of the islands, called by Archilochus, with ‘pleonasm,’” “235 Crete;
Kreh/th.
Stephanus of Byzantium Lexicon
236The later poets use the word κροαίνειν to mean
to desire
as in Archilochus.
Scholiast on the Iliad
But κύρτη σιδηρᾶ
weel of iron
is a receptacle such as a birdcage in Herodotus and Archilochus.
Pollux Onomasticon
237 ku/fwn: —used by Archilochus to mean evil,
deadly
Scholiast on Aristophanes
Epaphroditus derives from λέχος ‘bed’ the word λεχαίνειν ‘to desire the bed,’ becoming by change λεγαίνειν , 238 whence Archilochus λέγαι :
and lewd women
Etymolicum Magnum:
μέσπιλα
medlars
also called ὄα , which is the word found in Plato239; Archilochus uses the former.
Pollux Onomasticon
μουνόκερα
one-horned
‘no longer having its strength’; Archilochus.
Hesychius Glossary
240 μυδαλέας : —‘wet,’ as ‘wet with tears,’ and μυδάλεον
sodden
in Archilochus; and he calls a tear-wet, moist eye ῤυπαρός ορ
dirty
Suidas Lexicon:
“The word μύκλος is used to describe those who are too much given to women; it is derived from one
Myclus,
a fluteplayer of that character who is lampooned for his lewdness by Archilochus.
Tzetzes on Lycophron
“241musa/xnh:—
harlot
in Archilochus, who also uses the words ἐργάτις
hired woman
and δῆμος
the common sort
and παχεῖα
fat one
ἐργάτις : ‘hired woman’; he （Archilochus） calls Neobule this as being fat. Hesychius Glossary μισητίαν is used by Aristophanes for lack of self-control in matters of love, and the line Scholiast on Aristophanes lewd fat-ankled woman
is so explained.242
Suidas Lexicon
μύσχης
width243
Archilochus.
Hesychius Glossary
ἔγχεα ὀξυόεντα are spears made of beechwood, as in Archilochus:
the beechwood flew244
Scholiast on the Iliad
[ὀρεσκῷος : When it occurs in the form ὀρέσκοος
mountain-dwelling
as in Archilochus, it is accented paroxytone.
Lexicon first published by Rabe in 1892
Compare Archilochus πακτῶσαι
to lock
CURFRAG.tlg-0232.202
Pollux Onomasticon
Aristophanes of Byzantium declares that πρόκες are ‘does’ in Archilochus, who calls a coward
Eustathius on the Iliad
πύγαργος
white-rumped
that is, cowardly or base or covetous, for there are both black-rumped and white-rumped eagles in Archilochus.245
Tzetzes on Lycophron
“ πυρριχίζειν : —the vigorous-dance-at-arms called πυρρίχη , which is derived by some from Pyrrhicus the Cretan, by others … from
Pyrrhus
son of Achilles, said by Archilochus to have danced it for joy at the slaying of Eurypylus.
Hesychius Glossary
“We find the word ῥάξ used with ω , ῥώξ , ῥωγός , of the
grape
by Archilochus
Choeroboscus On the Canons of Theodosius
“ σάλπιγξ [usually meaning trumpet]: … some say it is used to mean a kind of bird; also a martial instrument, and a sea-trumpet or conch; in Archilochus the
snail246
Hesychius Glossary
σκελήπερον : —247
silly little
Archilochus.
Hesychius Glossary
συκοτραγίδης
fig-nibbler248
is used by Archilochus and Hipponax of those who eat cheap.
Eustathius on the Odyssey
τράμις the
… a word used by Archilochus.
Erotian Glossary to Hippocrates:
οὐλότριχες in Herodotus, but Archilochus reverses the two parts of the word, making it τρίχουλον ,
curly-haired
Pollux Onomasticon:
… neuter, like .. φλύος from the verb φλῶ , used by Archilochus to mean
nonsense
Eustathius on the Odyssey
Archilochus speaks of the χηράμβη , a sort of
mussel
Athenaeus Doctors at Dinner
ψαυστά : —used for ψαιστά
barley-cakes
by Archilochus.
Hesychius Glossary
“If to this we add a second iambus, it will be the pure Archilochian iambic trimeter acatalectic which I have dealt with above:
My shield is no more, nor follow I in the steps [of my dear comrades].249
Marius Plotius Art of Grammar [on the ‘docked’ Alcmanian trimeter brachycatalectic]
The catalectic iambic trimeter is made when six iambic feet joined in pairs, less one syllable, are combined in a trimeter, thus:
I beg thee, Muse, to say somewhat to the company.250
Marius Plotius Art of Grammar
“For instance （from ἀτμήν , ἀτμένος ） the nominative ἄτμενος
slave
in Archilochus.251
From a Papyrus of the Last Century B.C. [on derivative 2nd-Declension words whose nominative is also the genitive of cognate 3rd-Declension words]
—-
1 cf. Phot. Bibl. 319. b. 27
2 681 B.C. （Cyril c. Jul. i. 12 gives Ol. 23, i.e. 678-5）
3 i.e. what they have to do with the picture of Odysseus in Hades
4 prob. a short form of Telesicles （ see below ）
5 cf. Plut. Cim. 10. 3, Ath. 14. 644 b （Alexis' comedy Archilochus ）
6 cf. Ar. Av. 471; or treading on
7 cf. Hor. Sat. 2. 3. 12, Jul. Mis. 337 a, Euseb. Praep. Ev. 5. 228 ff
8 mss ‘sons’
9 cf. Ath. 14. 636 b
10 cf. Ael. V.H. 12. 50
11 Euseb. Praep. Ev. 5. 33. 227 ff （q.v.） calls him Archias and speaks of the poet as ‘long dead’ at the time
12 the oracle was ambiguous; A.'s nickname seems to have been The Cricket , from his comparison of himself to a tettix , cf. fr. 143
13 cf. Plat. Ion 531a
14 i.e. few epigrams in comparison with all he wrote; cf. A.P. 9. 185 （a title-motto for A.'s works）
15 cf. Dio Chr. 2. 18
16 the Fable?
17 inscription for a statue, also ascribed to Theocritus
18 See also Orig. Cels. 3. 125, Phot. Bibl. 437 b. 36, A.P. 7. 69, 70, 351-2, 664, 674, 11. 20, Luc. Am. 3, Mart. 7. 26, Mar. Vict. Gr. Lat. 6. 1. p. 79 K, Vell. i. 5, Diog. L. 9. 1, Plut. Aud. Poet. 13. 45 a, Philod. ap. de Falco Aegyptus 1922. p. 287.
19 cf. Plut. Phoc. 7, Themist. Or. 15. 185, A.P. 9. 389, Theod. Prod. in Excerpt. Bibl. Par. 6. 528 [ Θεοῖο and ἐρατόν ]
20 cf. Eust. Od. 1633. 48, Synes. Ep. 129b
21 ref. to the Lelantine War between Chalcis and Eretria （c. 790 B.C.）, who agreed not to use missile weapons, cf. A.R. Burn J.H.S. 1929 33, Str. 10. 448
22 occurs in Ox. Papp. 854 preceded by 5 fragmentary lines containing ‘strangers,’ ‘supper,’ ‘nor to me as,’ of which the 2nd prob. begins the poem, and is marked with the numeral 800
23 cf. E.M. 324 （Archilochus）, O.P. 1087 col. 2. 56 τὸ σωλῆνος παρ᾽ Α᾿νανίῳ
24 prob. of wine from a cask
25 cf. Str. 10. 457, 12. 549, Vit. Arat. 76 M, Ar. Pac. 1298 and Sch., Sext. Emp. Hypot. 3. 182, Philostr. Vit. Ap. 2. 7, Ael. V.H. 10. 13, Eust. ad Dion. 5. 533
26 a people of Thrace
27 cf. Suid. ἐξένισεν and ξένια
28 cf. E.M. 363. 44
29 cf. Philostr. Vit. Ap. 7. 26, [Longin.] Subl. 10
30 cf. 66; or, emending the Greek, lamenting sad funerals
31 prob. the occasion of this song
32 corpses of the drowned
33 or, without emendation, long in the deeps, etc. beseeching the fair-tressed . . . for sweet return
34 corpses were clad in white
35 cf. Tz. ap. Matr. An. 216
36 cf. Max. Plan. Rhet. Gr. 5. 441 W （where it is apparently ascribed to Phocyl.）, Syrian. in Hermog. i. 6. 12 R
37 or and this is attested about her
38 ascription doubtful
39 ascription doubtful
40 cf. Heracl. Pont. Pol. 22, Suid. τὰ Μαγν. κακά , Ars. 442, Clem. Al. Str. i. 397, Ath. 12. 525c
41 see on Callinus, vol. i. p. 42
42 cf. Hesych. ἀμφ᾽ Α᾿κίριος , Plin. N.H. 3. 97, Str. 6. 264
43 cf. Sch. Il. 9. 378
44 Aristotle quotes only the first halfline; the rest is cited anonymously by Plutarch Tranq. 10. 470c （Plut. implies that here A. is speaking in propria persona ）; cf. Anacreont. 8, Jub. ap. Rufin. Gr. Lat. 6. 2. p. 563 K, Sch. Aesch. P.V. 224, Arg. Soph. O.T., E.G. 537. 26, E.M. 771. 54
45 cf. Sch. Od. 15. 534, Cram. A.P. 3. 496. 13, Eust. 1790. 7
46 perh. it really meant taller ; cf. Hesych. ὑπερτέρα
47 cf. Philem. 63, Fav. ῥόδον , Bachm. An. 2. 379, Sch. Theocr. 4. 45, E.M. 441. 49, Ath. 2. 52 f, Eust. 1963. 49
48 here ends A.'s citation
49 or perhaps her
50 cf. Ath. 15. 688c, Eust. Il. 1300. 41
51 the word translated ‘drank’ most prob. means ‘swallowed down’ （Boisacq）, and was apparently a colloquial word for what was otherwise known as ἄμυστις or drinking without stopping for breath, a trick of the symposium, originally Thracian, which was done to the sound of the flute, cf. Ath. ll. 783d ff; the Greek adds a still more reprehensible trait, et a tergo percutiebatur , see opp.
52 cf. E.M. 183. 50, Et. Vind. Cod. 131
53 meaning doubtful; the words might also mean ‘hated eunuch,’ cf. Hesych. βάβακα , but cf. μισητία and Hesych. μισητός
54 cf. Phot. 374. 10, Suid. παλίνσκιον
55 cf. φλύω and Ap. Rh. 3. 582 with Sch., A.P. 7. 351-2; masculine precludes ref. to the daughters of Lycambes; or, keeping the Greek, ‘sloughed’ （like a snake）, cf. φλόα Nic. Al. 302 and φλοιός
56 cf. Sext. Emp. Math. 11. 44, Cram. A.P. 3. 488. 17
57 cf. Et. Mag. Vet. , Callim. ap. Hdn. i. 511. 22
58 the Eagle and the Vixen's young in the Fable （Schn.）, see p. 142
59 cf. Hesych. κορωνός , Et. Gud. 339. 31, Cram. A.P. 4. 76. 30, E.M. Vet.
60 cf. Cram. A.O. 3. 300. 24
61 referring to the story of Nessus.
62 cf. Hesych. φυτοῦ: φύματος
63 cf. Et. Mag. 47. 22, Et. Vind. Cod. 158, Zon. 983, Fav. 190
64 Il. 15. 624
65 cf. Sch. Il. 23. 199
66 or I supplicate thee, etc.; another scholion indicates the source of this note to be Philochorus
67 cf. Cram. A.O. 3. 231. 5
68 i.e. not with gen. μύκητος
69 ascription doubtful
70 Eust. ad Dion. 767., Str. 10. 457, Euseb. Praep. Ev. 5. 229 [ Σαβαῖοι ]
71 the metre is really trochaic, but the Alexandrian editors class iambic and trochaic together as iambic in naming Books, and before their day the word ἴαμβος had a more than merely metrical connotation
72 cf. E.M. 566. 53, E. Gud. 371. 28
73 cf. Plut. Praec. Reip. 6, Paus. 10. 31. 12
74 cf. Plut Superst. 8, Sch. Hermog. Rh. Gr. 5. 526 W, Theophr. Sign. 3. 8, Cic. Att. 5. 12 （where B sugg. ἄκρα Τυρέων ]
75 i.e. be warned in time
76 apparently misquoted from Il. 7. 102
77 i.e. the victory is in their hands to decide
78 cf. Hesych. κεροπλάστης , Poll. 2. 31
79 cf. Gal. in Hippocr. de Artic. 3. vol. 18. 1. 537 K, 604, Erotian 13. 32 Klein, Sch. Theocr. 4. 49, Philostr. Vit. Soph. 238 K
80 prob. with shaven upper-lip
81 so Galen's version; perh. = full of pith; ‘heart,’ if right, can hardly mean courage here: or, emending Dio's version shaggy-browed （cf. l. 2）
82 cf. Heph. 6. 2. p. 18 C and Sch. 271. 8, Mar. Vict. Gr. Lat. 6. 84. 26, E.M. Vet. （ascribes it to Callimachus）
83 Marius Vict. says that the catalectic tetrameter ‘which is called Archilochian’ is aptum festinis narrationibus
84 cf. Hesych. Σείριος
85 i.e. the sun in the time of the Dog-Star
86 cf. Clem. Al. Str. 6. 5. 10. 425, Sch. Od. 23. 412
87 cf. the Fox and the Hedgehog, fr. 118
88 cf. Dion. Hal. Comp. 17, Apost. 18. 8a
89 i.e. temperament; the Gk. is ‘rhythm,’ cf. Theogn. 966
90 or made
91 or hang thyself
92 cf. Sch. Hermog. Rh. Gr. 7. 934 W, Diog. L. 9. 71, Suid. Πυρρώνειοι , Stob. Ecl. Phys. i. 38, Plut. Nobil. 22, Vit. Hom. Gale Opusc. 366, Sext. Emp. Math. 7. 218
93 perh. the ‘so’ used in prayers to imply a precedent vow
94 or, emending the unusual Greek , touch N. with my hand
95 cf. Stob. Fl. 110. 10, Plut. Fac. Lun. 19 （quoted Mimn. 20）
96 Il. 2-9 are found only in Stobaeus
97 prob. ref. to the eclipse usually dated 6th Apr. 648 B.C. but recently put at 5th Apr. 647; that of June 27 660, which was total at Thasos and not at Paros, would also fall in A.'s lifetime （Ginzel）
98 taking χαρίζεαι as subjunctive, cf. Hdt. 5. 23 συνέχεαι , Aesch. Cho. 780, Sa. 46. 8 L.G. i Ed. 2; but it may be ‘what thou grantest （habitually）,’ cf. fr. 27
99 if the context is sound, the line is cited to show that A. thought it necessary to mention the flute as exceptional
100 i.e. ‘after men have well drunken’
101 cf. Eust. Il. 1148. 38
102 the 3rd-Cent. B.C. Papyrus containing the ends of 8 tetrameters perh. of Archilochus, Milne Cat. Lit. Pap. Brit. Mus. 55 p. 43, is unfortunately too fragmentary to be included in this book
103 i.e. compounded of two parts properly ‘unconnectable’
104 cf. Heph. pp. 48-9 C, Sch. Pind. P. arg. 9. 12, Is. arg. 3. 5, Suid. Εὐγένιος
105 cf. Ael. V.H. i. 27, Eust. 1630. 4
106 cf. Diogen. Paroem. Praef. 178, Rh. Gr. W 2. 11, E. Gud. 19. 22, Eust. Il. 855. 4, Od. 1768. 61, Sch. Od. 14. 508, Cram. A.P. 3. 371. 13, Apoll. Dys. de Dubit. 490 B, Sch. Il. 19. 407, Philostr. Im. 298 K, Sch. Ar. Av. 651, Prisc. Gr. Lat. 2. 430. 6 K, Aesop 5, Phaedr. i. 28, Theon Prog. i. 10
107 mss have Aeschylus or Antilochus （‘Archilochus' in Clement）
108 prob. the Fox is speaking
109 prob. a mock-patronymic like Alcaeus' Κακοπατρίδαν
110 or wilderness? cf. Hesych. ἐσχατιά: ἐρημία
111 cf. Aesop 43, Babr. 81 （not the same story）, which suggest ‘it is easy to lie about one's ancestors’
112 cf. Sch. Ar. Ach. 678, Suid. σκανδάληθρα
113 cf. Aesop 44 （the Fox and the Ape-King） and the next fr.
114 in the paraphrase of the Aesopian Fable （44） of the Fox and the Ape the corresponding question runs thus, ‘With such [poor] wits （ ψυχήν ） wilt thou be king of the animals?’ whence some would read ‘wits’ for ‘rump’ here, perh. rightly
115 cf. Zon. 1573-8, Fav. 383, Suid. καταπροΐζεται , Et. Vind. cod. 32, E. Gud. 305, E. M. Vet. 179, Orion 82. 23
116 cf. Plut. Prim. Frig. 14, Adv. Stoic. 23
117 cf. Sch. Hermog. Rh. Gr. 7. 820 W, Mar. Vict. Gr. Lat. 6. 170. 5, Sch. Heph. 262, 267, 282 C, Ibid. App. 312, Plot. Gr. Lat. 6. 518. 5, 522. 6, Jub. ap. Rufin. Gr. Lat. 6. 261. 13, Demetr. Eloc. 5, Sch. Ar. Ran. 384, Sch. Pind. P. 5, 6, 7 （Arg.）, Joan. Sic. Rh. Gr. 6. 128 W
118 ll. 3-4 only in Sch. Hermog.
119 see 143 n.: this poem, of which 95 probably, and 143 possibly, are parts, prob. stood first in the Book of Epodes used by Hephaestion
120 cf. E. M. Vet. 280, Fav. 581, Cram. A.O. i. 409. 5
121 or And thou hast, etc.; cf. Heliod. 6. 2
122 cf. Cram. A.P. 4. 61. 26, E.M. 271. 28 n, Miller Mel. 88, Phot. 355. 24, Sch. Il. 13. 291, Hesych. ἀτρυγηφάγου, ὀτρ. , Eust. Il. 1003. 16
123 cf. Aesch. Pers. 1037 （Bl.）, Od. 2. 33
124 cf. Timoth. Pers. （ L.G. iii） 94, 110, 145, Hor. Epod. 10; shipwrecked Greeks threw off their clothes to swim, cf. Theophr. Char. 25.2
125 Mediterranean waters grow a seaweed that consists of long, narrow, thin ribbons which cling to the body
126 lit. faceforemost
127 scholion which must refer to this or the next （not printed） poem, has been doubtfully read ‘the poet means Bupalus,’ whence some would ascribe these papyrus fragments to Hipponax, cf. 97 B 3; but this poem was prob. addressed by A. to Lycambes, cf. 96
128 lit. thy robe arranged bulging （ i.e. showing pregnancy）
129 i.e. it is lucky for A. that he did not catch his supplanter H. red-handed （one who had stolen a he-goat would smell of it）, for instead of the aggrieved （A.） punishing the aggressor （H.）, A. is such a poor creature that H. would have reversed the process
130 i.e. while A. was taken up with thwarting another rival, H. stepped in and forestalled him
131 the poem ends here
132 cf. Sch. Heph. p. 273 C
133 cf. Sch. Heph. p. 270 C, Trich. 12, Sch. Arg. Pind. O. 12, N. 8, 11
134 cf. Heph. 7. 4. 22 C, 15. 8. 50, Sch. pp. 123, 270, 273, At. Fort. Gr. Lat. 6. 1. 298 K
135 i.e. thy corpse has fed eels at the bottom of the water?
136 cf. fr. 141
137 prob. from a Fable
138 like Odysseus under the ram, Od. 9. 433
139 the Greek is bosom
140 cf. Hesych. Σελληϊάδεω （ see next fr.）
141 prob. a mock-patronymic from Σελλός a guardian of the oracle of Zeus at Dodona
142 ascription doubtful
143 i.e. he is in the position of being able to fulfil his own prophecies
144 emendation uncertain
145 feminine
146 apparently used by A. to mean of high birth
147 cf. Ath. 9.370 b
148 cf. Hesych. μήτ᾽ εὐμελ. τύχοις , Suid. μελ. and Zenob. 5. 10 [ μὴ σύ γε ], Mill. Mel. 367
149 the Fox to its Cub? but Hesychius and the Greek Proverbs explain it by ‘lest you meet somebody brave and strong,’ i.e. Heracles
150 cf. Sch. Nic. Ther. 322
151 cf. Apoll. Pron. Gram. Gr. 2.i.l.58.ll
152 with impers. ἄγει cf. Theophr. Char. 4. 12 νουμηνίαν ἄγει （subject was originally ‘the king,’ cf. ὕει and ὕει Ζεύς ）
153 so Aelian: Phylarchus makes him a Milesian, which is clearly right （ see below ）
154 prob. = Paros （ see below ）; as Plut. adds a similar story told ‘by the Zacynthians’ of Telemachus, there may have been some old confusion between Sicynthus and Zacynthus
155 I have been obliged here, in order to avoid dividing the chief inscription, to disregard the metrical arrangement of the Books
156 genitive due to confusion
157 see Appendix, p. 321
158 prob. = Paros （Rubensohn, from Plut. and Steph. Byz. who gives a list of poetical synonyms for P. including Ζάκυνθος ）
159 （18 lines almost wholly lost）
160 i.e. one of the overseas expedition to Thasos
161 i.e. comrade-in-arms
162 rather than of spear and shield （i.e. meddling non-combatants）
163 i.e. the （alleged） intention of giving the Thracians a share in working the mines （written after the above treaty was made, as a protest）
164 i.e. fellow-countrymen in general
165 sarcastic; i.e. much good did it do them
166 or high above them
167 i.e. all gripped their javelins firmly by the thong used for throwing them （elsewh. called ἀγκύλη, ἄμμα, ἔναμμα ）
168 i.e. victory is ours
169 and, by implication, without the poet's
170 doubtfully restored
171 i.e. sweet before sour
172 lit. taker-up of children; if when a child was born the father took it up it was a sign that he acknowledged it
173 i.e. he was paid high to take her?
174 metaphor from fresh and salted fish
175 i.e. Parian
176 i.e. put on clothes characteristic of the courtesan
177 lit. caelibibus viris crura tua tolle
178 the frogs of this island were said never to croak, and the frog in general was proverbially the typical water-drinker; A. was too fond of wine and song to please his wife, and, to her thinking, kept her short of drink
179 lit. seu cupies subigitari, bene rigide subigiteris
180 a city of Boeotia
181 lit. ant-runs
182 i.e. to beat her with
183 cf. Theocr. 10. 18, where it is a mantis; strange evidence for the taking of a town, but A. was a humorist
184 or Creon
185 i.e. Parians
186 i.e. ploughed the sands, failed
187 i.e. Acraephnians
188 or, as we should say, regiments
189 （2 lines lost）
190 and after （?）…
191 （1 line lost）
192 （2 lines lost）
193 known from other inscriptions
194 prob. containing the name of the author of the above lines, perhaps a schoolmaster
195 supply roaming or the like
196 cf. AT. Fort. GR. Lat. 6. 1. 299 K
197 cf. Plut. Soll. An. 16
198 i.e. to roll himself into a ball of spines; cf. fr. 65
199 cf. Ar. Ach. 1227 ff and Sch., Sch. Pind. N. 3. 1, Tz. Chil. i. 690, Suid. τήνελλα , Callim. Ox. Pap. 1793 col. 8. 4 and fr. 223
200 so Erat. ap. Sch. Pind. （but χαῖρε and Ἡράκλεις ]: another version has ὦ καλλίνικε , but the exact form of the hymn remains uncertain. Cf. Sch. Ar. Av. 1764.
201 the remaining fragments have not been classified by B; 124, 135, 136, 137, 140, 142 prob. belong to the Tetrameters , and 160 to the Epodes
202 i.e. sever or perh. burn off, as Hesychius seems to have read, explaining ‘lamented, blew off, made to wither off,’ all prob. traditional attempts: cf. E.M. 720. 38, E.G. 505. 53, Hesych. σκύτα , Psell. Prol. Zon. 118, Hesych. ἀπέπρησεν
203 cf. Sch. Ar. Av. 1426
204 cf. Hesych. ἀπεσκόλυπτεν
205 cf. Suid. φεψάλῳ
206 cf. E.M. 120. 3, E.M. Vet. 37 [ θύρασιν ], Sch. Ap. Rh. i. 1117, Hesych, ἀπεσούπαζον
207 >cf. E.M. 297. 17, E.G. 585. 14
208 cf. fr. 19
209 cf. Zon. 1573, Suid. καταπροΐξεται , Et. Vind. cod. 32 προΐκτης , Fav. 383
210 B compares Aesop Fab. 183, where the Camel and the Elephant fight ‘for the crown,’ and the Ape declares them both unsuitable, the Camel because he has no gall （i.e. anger） against evil-doers; other creatures believed to have no gall were the stag and the antelope
211 on land? prob. from a Fable
212 he is, as it were, still at school
213 cf. Hesych. ἀμφιτρίβας
214 cf. Sch. Plat. 393, Cram. A.P. 4. 84. 10
215 perh. he is the Lion of Babr. Fab. 44
216 prob. ref. to the Fable, not of the Fox and the Lice, for the Fox is always feminine, but of the Countryman and the Lice （App. B. Civ. i. 101） :—‘Lice were once biting a countryman ploughing, and he twice left his plough to clear his shirt of them; but he was bitten again, and so, to prevent too frequent interruptions of his work, he burnt his shirt’
217 cf. E.G. 390, 48 Bek. An. 3. 1438 n
218 prob. ref. to the Fable of the Beaver, Aesop 189 Halm
219 corrupt; perh. ‘because of a soaking [sweating?] nightmare （or ague）’
220 cf. fr. 102 and Apost. 9. 82
221 some of the wording given here comes from Nicetas; both paragraphrases have often for much
222 cf. Apost. 16. 32, Ars. 444
223 prob. a paraphrase of A.'s words in the same poem; cf. Catull. 40, which would seem to bring together frags. 94, 95, and 143 as all parts of one poem addressed to Lycambes （Hendrickson Class. Philol. 1925. 155）; cf. p. 91
224 cf. Eust. Od. 16. 33. 48
225 cf. Zen. 4. 48
226 the original proverb seems to have been ‘The man of Carpathus and the hare,’ and A. changed it to ‘Carpathus and the witnes’
227 the part referring to A. belongs more prob. to the second of these glosses
228 sc. the dawn, cf. fr. 113
229 masculine
230 feminine
231 masculine plural
232 unexplained; cf. Ibid. θριαθρικκί: μάνειαι καὶ ψῆφοι ‘divinations and pebbles （or voting pebbles）,’ Adesp. 3A
233 cf. Ibid. 741
234 Diomed addressing Paris, Il. Il. 385, calls him κέρᾳ ἀγλαέ , which prob. means ‘resplendent with thy lovelock,’ cf. fr. 57
235 cf. Eust. ad Dion. Per. 498
236 cf. Cram. A.P. 3. 284. 7
237 cf. Sch. Luc. Pseudol. 17, Suid. κύφωνες
238 derivation unlikely
239 Symp. 190d （spelt ὠά ）; P. seems to confuse medlars with sorb-apples
240 cf. Phot. 273. 13
241 cf. Suet. Miller Mel. 415, Eust. 1329. 37, 1088. 39
242 i.e. μισητός as meaning ‘lewd’ not ‘hated’; ascription not certain
243 prob. corrupt, see Hesych. μύσχον
244 i.e. beechen spear
245 cf. fr. 110
246 or less likely whirlwind
247 doubtful word, perh. equivalent to σκληφρόν ‘slender,’ cf. σκελεφρός
248 or son of a fig-nibbler （a mock-patronymic）
249 these 4 words purely conjectural
250 ascription only probable, but the use of ἄντω for ἄντομαι belies Plotius' own hand
251 cf. E.M. 164. 32, Eust. 1750. 62, Hesych.