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--- text:aphorisms [2013/09/02 09:19] – created fredmond
+++ text:aphorisms [2014/01/15 11:55] (current) – external edit 127.0.0.1
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 ===== SECTION I =====
-==== Part 1 ====
+=== Part 1 ===
 Life is short, and Art long; the crisis fleeting; experience perilous, and decision difficult. The physician must not only be prepared to do what is right himself, but also to make the patient, the attendants, and externals cooperate.
-==== Part 2 ====
+=== Part 2 ===
 In disorders of the bowels and vomitings, occurring spontaneously, if the matters purged be such as ought to be purged, they do good, and are well borne; but if not, the contrary. And so artificial evacuations, if they consist of such matters as should be evacuated, do good, and are well borne; but if not, the contrary. One, then, ought to look to the country, the season, the age, and the diseases in which they are proper or not.
-==== Part 3 ====
+=== Part 3 ===
 In the athletae, embonpoint, if carried to its utmost limit, is dangerous, for they cannot remain in the same state nor be stationary; and since, then, they can neither remain stationary nor improve, it only remains for them to get worse; for these reasons the embonpoint should be reduced without delay, that the body may again have a commencement of reparation. Neither should the evacuations, in their case, be carried to an extreme, for this also is dangerous, but only to such a point as the person's constitution can endure. In like manner, medicinal evacuations, if carried to an extreme, are dangerous; and again, a restorative course, if in the extreme, is dangerous.
-==== Part 4 ====
+=== Part 4 ===
 A slender restricted diet is always dangerous in chronic diseases, and also in acute diseases, where it is not requisite. And again, a diet brought to the extreme point of attenuation is[p. 300] dangerous; and repletion, when in the extreme, is also dangerous.
-==== Part 5 ====
+=== Part 5 ===
 In a restricted diet, patients who transgress are thereby more hurt (than in any other?); for every such transgression, whatever it may be, is followed by greater consequences than in a diet somewhat more generous. On this account, a very slender, regulated, and restricted diet is dangerous to persons in health, because they bear transgressions of it more difficultly. For this reason, a slender and restricted diet is generally more dangerous than one a little more liberal.
-==== Part 6 ====
+=== Part 6 ===
 For extreme diseases, extreme methods of cure, as to restriction, are most suitable.
-==== Part 7 ====
+=== Part 7 ===
 When the disease is very acute, it is attended with extremely severe symptoms in its first stage; and therefore an extremely attenuating diet must be used. When this is not the case, but it is allowable to give a more generous diet, we may depart as far from the severity of regimen as the disease, by its mildness, is removed from the extreme.
-==== Part 8 ====
+=== Part 8 ===
 When the disease is at its height, it will then be necessary to use the most slender diet.
-==== Part 9 ====
+=== Part 9 ===
 We must form a particular judgment of the patient, whether he will support the diet until the acme of the disease, and whether he will sink previously and not support the diet, or the disease will give way previously, and become less acute.
-==== Part 10 ====
+=== Part 10 ===
 In those cases, then, which attain their acme speedily, a restricted diet should be enjoined at first; but in those cases which reach their acme later, we must retrench at that period or a little before it; but previously we must allow a more generous diet to support the patient.
-==== Part 11 ====
+=== Part 11 ===
 We must retrench during paroxysms, for to exhibit food would be injurious. And in all diseases having periodical paroxysms, we must restrict during the paroxysms.
-==== Part 12 ====
+=== Part 12 ===
 The exacerbations and remissions will be indicated by the diseases, the seasons of the year, the reciprocation of the periods, whether they occur every day, every alternate day, or after a longer period, and by the supervening symptoms; as, for example, in pleuritic cases, expectoration, if it occur at the commencement, shortens the attack, but if it appear later, it prolongs the same; [p. 301]and in the same manner the urine, and alvine discharges, and sweats, according as they appear along with favorable or unfavorable symptoms, indicate diseases of a short or long duration.
-==== Part 13 ====
+=== Part 13 ===
 Old persons endure fasting most easily; next, adults; young persons not nearly so well; and most especially infants, and of them such as are of a particularly lively spirit.
-==== Part 14 ====
+=== Part 14 ===
 Growing bodies have the most innate heat; they therefore require the most food, for otherwise their bodies are wasted. In old persons the heat is feeble, and therefore they require little fuel, as it were, to the flame, for it would be extinguished by much. On this account, also, fevers in old persons are not equally acute, because their bodies are cold.
-==== Part 15 ====
+=== Part 15 ===
 In winter and spring the bowels are naturally the hottest, and the sleep most prolonged; at these seasons, then, the most sustenance is to be administered; for as the belly has then most innate heat, it stands in need of most food. The well-known facts with regard to young persons and the athletae prove this.
-==== Part 16 ====
+=== Part 16 ===
 A humid regimen is befitting in all febrile diseases, and particularly in children, and others accustomed to live on such a diet.
-==== Part 17 ====
+=== Part 17 ===
 We must consider, also, in which cases food is to be given once or twice a day, and in greater or smaller quantities, and at intervals. Something must be conceded to habit, to season, to country, and to age.
-==== Part 18 ====
+=== Part 18 ===
 Invalids bear food worst during summer and autumn, most easily in winter, and next in spring.
-==== Part 19 ====
+=== Part 19 ===
 Neither give nor enjoin anything to persons during periodical paroxysms, but abstract from the accustomed allowance before the crisis.
-==== Part 20 ====
+=== Part 20 ===
 When things are at the crisis, or when they have just passed it, neither move the bowels, nor make any innovation in the treatment, either as regards purgatives or any other such stimulants, but let things alone.
-==== Part 21 ====
+=== Part 21 ===
 Those things which require to be evacuated should be evacuated, wherever they most tend, by the proper outlets.
-==== Part 22 ====
+=== Part 22 ===
 We must purge and move such humors as are concocted, not such as are unconcocted, unless they are struggling to get out, which is mostly not the case.
-==== Part 23 ====
+=== Part 23 ===
 The evacuations are to be judged of not by their quantity, [p. 302]but whether they be such as they should be, and how they are borne. And when proper to carry the evacuation to deliquium animi, this also should be done, provided the patient can support it.
-==== Part 24 ====
+=== Part 24 ===
 Use purgative medicines sparingly in acute diseases, and at the commencement, and not without proper circumspection.
-==== Part 25 ====
+=== Part 25 ===
 If the matters which are purged be such as should be purged, the evacuation is beneficial, and easily borne; but, not withstanding, if otherwise, with difficulty.
-===== SECTION II =====
+==== SECTION II ====
-==== Part 1 ====
+=== Part 1 ===
 In whatever disease sleep is laborious, it is a deadly symptom; but if sleep does good, it is not deadly.
-==== Part 2 ====
+=== Part 2 ===
 When sleep puts an end to delirium, it is a good symptom.
-==== Part 3 ====
+=== Part 3 ===
 Both sleep and insomnolency, when immoderate, are bad.
-==== Part 4 ====
+=== Part 4 ===
 Neither repletion, nor fasting, nor anything else, is good when more than natural.
-==== Part 5 ====
+=== Part 5 ===
 Spontaneous lassitude indicates disease.
-==== Part 6 ====
+=== Part 6 ===
 Persons who have a painful affection in any part of the body, and are in a great measure sensible of the pain, are disordered in intellect.
-==== Part 7 ====
+=== Part 7 ===
 Those bodies which have been slowly emaciated should be slowly recruited; and those which have been quickly emaciated should be quickly recruited.
-==== Part 8 ====
+=== Part 8 ===
 When a person after a disease takes food, but does not improve in strength, it indicates that the body uses more food than is proper; but if this happen when he does not take food, it is to be understood evacuation is required.
-==== Part 9 ====
+=== Part 9 ===
 When one wishes to purge, he should put the body into a fluent state.
-==== Part 10 ====
+=== Part 10 ===
 Bodies not properly cleansed, the more you nourish the more you injure.
-==== Part 11 ====
+=== Part 11 ===
 It is easier to fill up with drink than with food.
-==== Part 12 ====
+=== Part 12 ===
 What remains in diseases after the crisis is apt to produce relapses.
-==== Part 13 ====
+=== Part 13 ===
 Persons in whom a crisis takes place pass the night preced-[p. 303]ing the paroxysm uncomfortably, but the succeeding night generally more comfortably.
-==== Part 14 ====
+=== Part 14 ===
 In fluxes of the bowels, a change of the dejections does good, unless the change be of a bad character.
-==== Part 15 ====
+=== Part 15 ===
 When the throat is diseased, or tubercles (phymata) form on the body, attention must paid to the secretions; for if they be bilious, the disease affects the general system; but if they resemble those of a healthy person, it is safe to give nourishing food.
-==== Part 16 ====
+=== Part 16 ===
 When in a state of hunger, one ought not to undertake labor.
-==== Part 17 ====
+=== Part 17 ===
 When more food than is proper has been taken, it occasions disease; this is shown by the treatment.
-==== Part 18 ====
+=== Part 18 ===
 From food which proves nourishing to the body either immediately or shortly, the dejections also are immediate.
-==== Part 19 ====
+=== Part 19 ===
 In acute diseases it is not quite safe to prognosticate either death or recovery.
-==== Part 20 ====
+=== Part 20 ===
 Those who have watery discharges from their bowels when young have dry when they are old; and those who have dry discharges when they are young will have watery when they are old.
-==== Part 21 ====
+=== Part 21 ===
 Drinking strong wine cures hunger.
-==== Part 22 ====
+=== Part 22 ===
 Diseases which arise from repletion are cured by depletion; and those that arise from depletion are cured by repletion; and in general, diseases are cured by their contraries.
-==== Part 23 ====
+=== Part 23 ===
 Acute disease come to a crisis in fourteen days.
-==== Part 24 ====
+=== Part 24 ===
 The fourth day is indicative of the seventh; the eighth is the commencement of the second week; and hence, the eleventh being the fourth of the second week, is also indicative; and again, the seventeenth is indicative, as being the fourth from the fourteenth, and the seventh from the eleventh.
-==== Part 25 ====
+=== Part 25 ===
 The summer quartans are, for the most part, of short duration; but the autumnal are protracted, especially those occurring near the approach of winter.
-==== Part 26 ====
+=== Part 26 ===
 It is better that a fever succeed to a convulsion, than a convulsion to a fever.[p. 304]
-==== Part 27 ====
+=== Part 27 ===
 We should not trust ameliorations in diseases when they are not regular, nor be much afraid of bad symptoms which occur in an irregular form; for such are commonly inconstant, and do not usually continue, nor have any duration.
-==== Part 28 ====
+=== Part 28 ===
 In fevers which are not altogether slight, it is a bad symptom for the body to remain without any diminution of bulk, or to be wasted beyond measure; for the one state indicates a protracted disease, and the other weakness of body.
-==== Part 29 ====
+=== Part 29 ===
 If it appear that evacuations are required, they should be made at the commencement of diseases; at the acme it is better to be quiet.
-==== Part 30 ====
+=== Part 30 ===
 Toward the commencement and end of diseases all the symptoms are weaker, and toward the acme they are stronger.
-==== Part 31 ====
+=== Part 31 ===
 When a person who is recovering from a disease has a good appetite, but his body does not improve in condition, it is a bad symptom.
-==== Part 32 ====
+=== Part 32 ===
 For the most part, all persons in ill health, who have a good appetite at the commencement, but do not improve, have a bad appetite again toward the end; whereas, those who have a very bad appetite at the commencement, and afterward acquire a good appetite, get better off.
-==== Part 33 ====
+=== Part 33 ===
 In every disease it is a good sign when the patient's intellect is sound, and he is disposed to take whatever food is offered to him; but the contrary is bad.
-==== Part 34 ====
+=== Part 34 ===
 In diseases, there is less danger when the disease is one to which the patient's constitution, habit, age, and the season are allied, than when it is one to which they are not allied.
-==== Part 35 ====
+=== Part 35 ===
 In all diseases it is better that the umbilical and hypogastric regions preserve their fullness; and it is a bad sign when they are very slender and emaciated; in the latter case it is dangerous to administer purgatives.
-==== Part 36 ====
+=== Part 36 ===
 Persons in good health quickly lose their strength by taking purgative medicines, or using bad food.
-==== Part 37 ====
+=== Part 37 ===
 Purgative medicines agree ill with persons in good health.
-==== Part 38 ====
+=== Part 38 ===
 An article of food or drink which is slightly worse, but more palatable, is to be preferred to such as are better but less palatable.[p. 305]
-==== Part 39 ====
+=== Part 39 ===
 Old have fewer complaints than young; but those chronic diseases which do befall them generally never leave them.
-==== Part 40 ====
+=== Part 40 ===
 Catarrhs and coryza in very old people are not concocted.
-==== Part 41 ====
+=== Part 41 ===
 Persons who have had frequent and severe attacks of swooning, without any manifest cause, die suddenly.
-==== Part 42 ====
+=== Part 42 ===
 It is impossible to remove a strong attack of apoplexy, and not easy to remove a weak attack.
-==== Part 43 ====
+=== Part 43 ===
 Of persons who have been suspended by the neck, and are in a state of insensibility, but not quite dead, those do not recover who have foam at the mouth.